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2. "Politická komedie", nebo "prospěšná záležitost"? : volba poslankyně v roce 1912 jako téma katolického tisku
- Creator:
- Krutílková, Hana
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- gender, politics, political catholicism, Czech lands, Austria, 1912, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Parametres of the opening of the political arena to women were also dealt by the Czech Catholics, especially in 1912, when the first woman-deputy was elected into the Assembly of the Czech Kingdom. The paper asks whether the election of Božena Viková-Kunětická was considered to be "a disgrace" to the catholic vision of women's public activity. The contribution based on the content analysis of catholic political periodicals is going to prove that there was a wide range of opposing approaches from rejection to a neutral and positive attitude on active and passive women's rights.
- Rights:
- unknown
3. Der Landesfürst als Lehensherr : urkundliche Quellen zum Lehenswesen in den habsburgischen Erblanden des Spätmittelalters
- Creator:
- Luger, Daniel
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- fiefdom, territorialisation, Austria, Habsburg, late Middle ages, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- The study is dedicated to an reappraisal of the sovereign's fief policy in late middle age Austria. While the older research tendencies were mostly based on the idea of a slightly declining system signed by a rigid formalism, a new analysis of the fief structures in the hereditary territories of the Habsburg dynasty shows a slightly different picture. The anatomy of fief letters and books, reverses and letters of conveyance show that the increasing literacy transformed fiefdom into one of the central playgrounds of sovereign chancelleries. Mostly in case of dominion divisions or changes in late medieval rulership that vassality became important. Despite the reification of fiefdom, territorial rule and vasality do not oppose each other. The sovereign fiefdom in the 14th and 15th century is considered as an important often monetarised instrument among others, used to enhance and consolidate the sovereign's rule.
- Rights:
- unknown
4. General pedagogical knowledge of Austrian teachers
- Creator:
- Dittrich, Ann-Kathrin
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- general pedagogical knowledge, Austria, qualitative reconstructive study, school practice, professional learning, and Educational Sciences
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- General pedagogical knowledge (GPK), as teachers' basic professional knowledge, has a significant influence on sustainable learning and teaching. Rapidly accelerated processes of change encourage teachers to reflect on their GPK. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current understanding of Austrian teachers' GPK in their everyday school practices and point out the challenges they experience. The study is based on a qualitative reconstructive approach that involves interviews and observations. Previous findings have shown that a reconstructive approach provides an understanding that complements existing studies and conceptualizations of GPK. The study also presents further outcomes in terms of the central meaning of interactional processes, a student orientation, and factors and challenges that influence GPK. The challenges involve in particular the requirements raised by current transformation processes and emphasize the necessity of a continuous process of professional learning.
- Rights:
- unknown
5. Karl I. von Liechtenstein und die Politik in den böhmischen Ländern (ca. 1590 bis 1627)
- Creator:
- Stögmann, Arthur
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Princely House of Liechtenstein, Karl (Charles) I. of Liechtenstein, early new age, Austria, Bohemia, Moravia, Habsburg monarchy, nobility, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- Karl I von Liechtenstein (1569–1627) was the first member of the Liechtenstein family to become a Prince of Liechtenstein, thus he was the founder of the Princely Family of Liechtenstein. Karl was the elder son of Hartmann II, Baron of Liechtenstein (1544–1585) and his wife, Countess Anna Maria of Ortenburg (1547–1601). According to the directives of his father he was brought up in the Protestant faith and attended a school in Moravia, run by the Bohemian Brothers. In 1599 he converted to Catholicism. Shortly afterwards Emperor Rudolf II (1552– 1612) appointed him as Chief Intendant (head of the imperial household), the highest position at court, an office he held, with interruptions, until 1607. In the following power struggles within the House of Habsburg he allied himself with the party of Archduke Matthias (1557–1619), who made him a hereditary prince in 1608. In 1614, Karl added the regency of the Silesian Duchy of Troppau (Opava) to his possessions. As a mark of gratitude for further aid before the Battle of White Mountain near Prague (8 November 1620) Karl was appointed to the positions of governor and "vice-regent" of the kingdom of Bohemia (at first provisionally, in January 1622 permanently) and as the first member of his family he was also bestowed with the Order of the Golden Fleece. As part of his function he led the capture and execution of the leaders of the Bohemian uprising (1618–1620). He did this in close co-ordination with Emperor Ferdinand II. To set an example, twentyseven leaders of the rebellion were arrested and sentenced to death. Ferdinand II confirmed the sentences and Karl presided over the public executions on 21 June 1621. Where possible, Karl recommended clemency to keep the bloodshed to a minimum. And indeed the Emperor commuted some of the death sentences. In 1622 Karl also gained the Silesian Duchy of Jägerndorf (Krnov) along with confiscated "rebel property" in Bohemia and Moravia. Karl was among those who made very large acquisitions. These were partly grants by the Crown in repayment of previous loans, and partly purchases at advantageous prices. At the end of the nineteenth century it was estimated that 41% of the then existing Liechtenstein family property had been acquired between 1620 and 1650. It is difficult to assess the first Prince of Liechtenstein. Little is known about his personality. Such evidence as there is suggests that Karl's disposition was moderate, except for his resolute accumulation of property. Given the standards then prevailing in Western Europe, the public execution of 27 "rebels" might be thought, for the times, a not exceptional retribution for what had occurred in Bohemia. Karl died on 12 February 1627 in Prague.
- Rights:
- unknown
6. Nelehké návraty : český exil a pád železné opony
- Creator:
- Haváč, Ondřej
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Czech exile, emigration, Austria, Switzerland, Velvet revolution, integration, reverse culture shock, identification, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- The fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989 meant the cardinal breaking point for states in Central Europe which affected their diaspora in the same way. The Czech exile was not an exception. Some of its representatives came back to Czechoslovakia during the Velvet revolution and the most of its members returned to the country in 1990. The memories of the first re-entry to their former motherland constituted an important part of their life-stories. Did the "first-encounter" with freed Czechoslovakia influence their decision to come back permanently? The paper is based on the archival and oral sources which were obtained during field research in the Czech communities in Austria and Switzerland. The sources often described a process called "reverse culture shock" which formed unknown yet important chapter of the Czech exile in the second half of the 20th century.
- Rights:
- unknown
7. Thomas Winkelbauer und die Erforschung der Geschichte des Fürstenhauses Liechtenstein
- Creator:
- Knoz, Tomáš
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Thomas Winkelbauer, Princely House Liechtenstein, history, early new age, Gundaker of Liechtenstein, Austria, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- Profesor Thomas Winkelbauer of the University of Vienna is a respected historian of the Early Modern Age. His bibliography reveals that a large part of his research work focuses on the princely Liechtenstein family, both in his monographs (in particular Gundaker of Liechtenstein and Karl of Liechtenstein), as well as contextually (as part of the history of the aristocracy in the Early Modern Age and the wider context of Austrian history). Thomas Winkelbauer wrote an important monograph on Gundaker of Liechtenstein, to which he later added specialist studies and editorial sources. He uses this Austrian-Moravian to demonstrate how the world of the aristocracy worked in the Early Modern Age. He also examines the themes of religion and conversion as one of the decisive elements directly linked to the political rise of individuals and families in the Early Modern Age. It is also important to remember that for Winkelbauer, the Liechtensteins represent "the aristocracy which knows no bounds". All of these issues are also addressed in Winkelbauer's outstanding synthesis on Austrian history in the 16th and 17th centuries.
- Rights:
- unknown
8. Zavádění Mezinárodního dne žen v letech 1911–1914 v prostředí sociálně demokratické strany Rakouska, českých zemských organizacích na Moravě a polské organizace v Haliči a Těšínském Slezsku
- Creator:
- Krutílková, Hana
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- social democracy, Austria, Moravia, Teschen Silesia, Galicia, International Women’s Day, 1910–1914, gender, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This contribution deals with establishing of the International Women's Day in selected land or national organisations of social democracy before the First World War. Its primary goal is to answer, whether the introduction of the "new revolutionary holiday" in 1911 led to significant qualitative shifts in the content of women's activities contrary to previous years. Did the new holiday become the most visible manifestation of the "revolutionary struggle" of the female workers' socialist movement? Was the establishing of the International Women's Day reflected in rhythm of socialist women's organisations? Were there any differences in the land organisations of so called autonomist and centralist wing of Czech land social democracy in Moravia, social democracy in Austria, Silesia and Galicia? An integral part of this text is to outline of position of the new feast in relation to other spring memorial days in the socialistic calendar.
- Rights:
- CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International and unknown
9. Zivilkroatien
- Creator:
- Horel, Catherine
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Civil Croatia, history, military border, reliquiae reliquiarum, Austria, Auxiliary Historical Sciences, and History
- Language:
- German
- Description:
- Civil Croatia originated as a territory after 1577 and survived as such until the dissolution of the military frontier in the early 1880s. The term is therefore negatively connoted, since one always endeavors the reunification of the medieval Triune Kingdom. Civil Croatia has been practically the smallest territorial unit where Croatian state law was preserved over time. Opposite of it the Habsburg monarchy established the military border. Thus, Civil Croatia was not only a result of the Turkish invasion, but also a proof of the loss of sovereignty. Civil Croatia was thus conceived only in the absence of a better solution. The reliquiae reliquiarum formed the basis for the survival of historical state law and its institutions. The incorporation of those territories first meant the renewal of territorial continuity that had been interrupted since the middle of the 16th century. Croatia and Slavonia, together with Syrmia, now formed a whole, but in the eyes of the Croats it was not yet in harmony with their national requirements. Civil Croatia had to evolve into Greater Croatia, whose maximum extent would include Slovenia, parts of Inner Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the successive territorial forms – except for the Independent State of Croatia under Ante Pavelić 1941–1944 – never fulfilled this ambition.
- Rights:
- unknown