The geometric shape of the distal anastomosis in an infrainguinal bypass has an influence on its durability. In this article, we compared three different angles of the anastomosis with regard to the hemodynamics. Three experimental models of the distal infrainguinal anastomosis with angles of 25°, 45°, and 60° respectively were constructed according to the similarity theory to assess flow in the anastomoses using particle image velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics. In the toe, heel, and floor of the anastomosis that correspond to the locations worst affected by intimal hyperplasia, adverse blood flow and wall shear stress were observed in the 45° and 60° models. In the 25° model, laminar blood flow was apparent more peripherally from the anastomosis. In conclusions, decreasing the
distal anastomosis angle in a femoropopliteal bypass results in more favorable hemodynamics including the flow pattern and wall shear stress
in locations susceptible to intimal hyperplasia.
This article is aimed at describing the role of the human rights in the Czech legal order and especiallythe manner in which human rights reflect in the system of the Czech private law. Firstly, the authorsprovide brief description of the bases of the constitutional order in the Czech Republic so that they could explainthe manner in which the constitutional human and basic rights are reflected in private law. For betterunderstanding, the authors presented numerous decisions of the Czech Constitutional Court regarding therole of human and basic rights in the area of civil law. Last but not least, the authors outline the concept ofcompensation for immaterial loss and protection of consumers in the Czech law.
The oribatid mite Galumna elimata was reared under laboratory conditions on algae (Protacoccus spp.) at different temperatures (5, 15 and 20°C). Higher weight-specific amylolytic activity was found in the whole body homogenates of mites exposed to cold acclimation (5°C, 21 days) in comparison with individuals acclimated to 15 and 20°C. Accompanying parameters (live body weight, content of total soluble proteins in the body, protein-specific amylolytic activity, presence and composition of food boluses, activity of mesenteric and caecal wall cells, gregarinid parasitisation, number of glycogen granulae and guanine deposits in mesenchymal tissue, presence of proventricular glands) were investigated at all three acclimation temperatures to explain mechanisms of this change. The acclimation response of weight-specific amylolytic activity was accompanied by elevation of protein-specific amy lolytic activity. Microanatomical features did not confirm any increased secretion activity of mesenteric and caecal cells in cold acclimated animals. Granulation and apocrine secretion of these cells increased with increasing temperature as with food ingestion. The food boluses contained algae or algae mixed with unknown fungal hyphae in individuals acclimated to 15 and 20°C. The concentrated mucoid substances prevailed in animals exposed to cold, indicating lower feeding activity at 5°C. Based on these findigs, Lye hypothesised that specific amylolytic activity reflected passively the different changes in protein composition of the body at different temperatures and its elevation is without direct adaptive importance., Vladimír Šustr, Jan Hubert, and Lit
A subgroup $H$ of a finite group $G$ is weakly-supplemented in $G$ if there exists a proper subgroup $K$ of $G$ such that $G=HK$. In the paper it is proved that a finite group $G$ is $p$-nilpotent provided $p$ is the smallest prime number dividing the order of $G$ and every minimal subgroup of $P\cap G'$ is weakly-supplemented in $N_{G}(P),$ where $P$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$. As applications, some interesting results with weakly-supplemented minimal subgroups of $P\cap G'$ are obtained.
Intercropping may have a positive effect on the abundance and activity of carabid beetles and therefore their response to intercropping yellow lupin with spring triticale was studied for a period of three years (2001-2003). Carabids were most numerous in yellow lupin monoculture and in the intercrop with the highest proportion of lupin. Important differences between the experimental treatments were found, but they were mostly non-significant because of the great variation between samples. It is supposed that the positive effect of lupin on carabid beetles was due to the shelter it provides. During the three-year study 59 species of carabid beetles were recorded. The most abundant species in each treatment was Pseudoophonus rufipes. Irrespective of the experimental treatment, this species was caught in the greatest numbers towards the end of each growing season. This was probably because of the greater soil coverage provided by the larger lupin plants at the end of the season.
A singularity-free inflationary cosmological model driven by a coherent scalar field and/or R^2 terms in the gravitational Lagrangian is presented. The different mechanisms are compared and their observational restrictions are discussed. The dark matter problem and the mode coupling effect connecting the formation of very large structures and population III objects find a natural place in our model.
Importance: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma remains a topical issue of Clinical Oncology. More than 80% of cases hepatocellular carcinoma develops in the presence of liver cirrhosis. These patients are doomed, many clinics they held only symptomatic treatment and life expectancy of patients is not more than 6 months. The main reason for the refusal of surgeons and Chemotherapeutists of treatment is associated cirrhosis. Purpose: To improve results of surgical treatment of liver cancer developed on cirrhosis Materials and methods: We analyzed the immediate results of treatment of 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma developed on a background of liver cirrhosis. From the large size of the tumor and associated liver cirrhosis, these patients the first stage of oil produced by hepatic artery chemoembolization of the affected lobe of the liver tumor. After 2 3 weeks performed liver resection. Results: After analyzing the results, we concluded: chemoembolization reduces tumor volume and weight, increases the physiological regeneration of hepatocytes unaffected tumor fraction, improves functional performance of the liver and does not affect the frequency and severity of postoperative complications., Juraev M.D., Nematov O.N., Yusupbekov A.A., and Literatura
A Theorem is proved that gives intrinsic necessary and sufficient conditions for the integrability of a zero-deformable field of endomorphisms. The Theorem is proved by reducing to a special case in which the endomorphism field is nilpotent. Many arguments used in the derivation of similar results are simplified, principally by means of using quotient rather than subspace constructions.