The study deals with Anglophone and francophone identities in Africa on the example of Cameroon. In contemporary Africa, though quite hidden, one may encounter two ways of how both identities come into latent or open conflict. Language policies in Africa still show an inevitable impact and heritage of colonial past when European languages entered the African linguistic, political, social and cultural arenas causing further problems expecially in multi-ethnic societies or in states which came to existence by a junctiona of two different entities. This is exactly the case of Cameroon., Jan Záhořík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are used to explore the forces that shaped the terrestrial fauna on Læsø, a young ca. 3000 year old Danish oceanic island located in the Kattegat strait between mainland Denmark and Sweden. We compile a detailed list of species of rove beetles for Læsø (328 species) and the surrounding Danish and Swedish regions (altogether 1075 species), which includes a standardized inventory of their body sizes, and the habitat and microhabitat preference of each species. The composition of the fauna on Læsø and adjacent mainland regions points to North-Eastern Jutland as the main source of the rove beetles on Læsø. Although large beetles are more active and likely to disperse than small beetles, there is no bias towards large species on the island indicating that the sea separating Læsø from the mainland has not been a barrier for rove beetle dispersal. The statistical analysis of the habitat and microhabitat preferences of the species of the entire system studied has shown that Læsø, compared to the mainland areas, is distinctly more dominated by ecological generalists, especially by species adapted to ephemeral, temporary humid microhabitats. Presumably, the mosaic of mostly dry open habitats available on Læsø filters for species, that are able to populate these suboptimal habitats via patches of humid but ephemeral microhabitats. A comprehensive eco-faunistic dataset for the Staphylinidae compiled for this study is the first modern account of the rove beetle fauna on the Danish island of Læsø., Aslak K. Hansen, Mathias J. Justesen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, David B. Byriel, Jan Pedersen, Alexey Solodovnikov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Hlavním cílem článku je nabídnout základní výklad filosofie osvobození Enriqua Dussela, která představuje jednu z alternativních reflexí modernity z pozice utlačovaných. Výklad se soustředí na kulturní a filosofické zdroje filosofie osvobození. Důležitým východiskem textu je zarámování filosofie osvobození do kontextu postkolonialismu (Frantz Fanon, Edward W. Said a další). V tomto kontextu je důležitá metodologie dekolonizace myšlení, spočívající v odhalování hlubokých koloniálních tendencí v evropské epistemologii a ontologii. Další ústřední kategorií filosofie Enriqua Dussela je – kromě konceptu osvobození – ovšem také pojem exteriority, kterému věnuji nemalou část svého textu., The main goal of this article is to provide a basic interpretation of Enrique Dussel‘s philosophy of liberation which is one of the alternative analyses of modernity from the point of view of the oppressed. The analysis concentrates on the cultural and philosophical sources of the philosophy of liberation. The important point of departure is postcolonialism (Frantz Fanon or Edward W. Said for example) and in the postcolonial context the methodology of the decolonization of thought-processes is fundamental. The core of this methodology is the revelation of the colonial tendencies hidden in European epistemology and ontology. The main part of the text is dedicated to an analysis of liberation and exteriority., and Ondřej Lánský.
Generations of historians strived (and they still continue to do so) to deduce, what were the property rights of Mstiš to the homestead at the settlement near the Bilin castle and to the newly built Church of Saint Peter in its vicinity. The outcome of the analysis is unconvincing: Cosmas’ text itself does not enable any unambiguous conclusions on the nature of Mstiš’ rights to the homestead and church. It is possible that localities endowed with names derived from the names of castle custodians and other persons from the ranks of the princely retinue indicate one of the manners in which these individuals could gain land ownership. At least in some of the cases, the custodians could proceed to dispose of the property autonomously and bequeath it to an ecclesiastical institution or establish a similar institution themselves. and Tomáš Velímský.
Článek se zabývá otázkou hospodářských a politických podmínek, které se promítly do sídelní výstavby trutnovského městského regionu ve 13.–14. století. Vznik manských sídel v rámci trutnovského lenního obvodu, podmíněný strategickými zájmy českých panovníků na pomezí Čech a Slezska, předpokládal nejprve kolonizaci podhorského kraje a vytvoření prvotních hospodářských struktur. Ty spojujeme se zavedením ekonomicko- správních institucí na německém právu (vikbilda) ve 2. polovině 13. století. Vznik manských vesnic a opevněných sídel, datovatelný na základě písemných i hmotných pramenů do 1. pol. 14. stol., resp. do doby kolem královského záboru konstituujícího se města Trutnova na přelomu 13. a 14. stol., znamenal nejen zahušťování sídelní sítě, ale také dotváření spádové tržní oblasti. Efektivní kolonizace, právní výhody, využívání přírodních zdrojů, tranzitní poloha a hospodářský rozvoj kraje poskytovaly v ekologicky náročných podmínkách záruky stability sídel a plnění jejich ekonomických a politicko-vojenských funkcí. and This article considers the question of the economic and political conditions projected onto the settlement build-up around Trutnov town in the 13th–14th centuries. The colonisation of the unoccupied foothills and the creation of the initial economic structures foreshadowed the appearance of vassal settlements in the Trutnov feudal lien, conditioned by the strategic interests of the Bohemian sovereigns in the Czech/Silesian borderlands. These are linked to the established economic/administrative institutions of German law (the weichbild) in the second half of the 13th century. The appearance of vassal villages and fortified seats, dated on the basis of written and material sources to the first half of the 14th century, i.e. to the period around the royal annexation constituting Trutnov at the turn of the 14th century, not only meant an increase in the density of the settlement network, but also the completion of a market catchment area. Effective colonisation, legal advantages, the use of natural resources, a transit location and the economic development of the region provided settlements a guarantee of stability in environmentally challenging conditions and of the fulfilment of their economic and politico-military functions.