The study deals with Anglophone and francophone identities in Africa on the example of Cameroon. In contemporary Africa, though quite hidden, one may encounter two ways of how both identities come into latent or open conflict. Language policies in Africa still show an inevitable impact and heritage of colonial past when European languages entered the African linguistic, political, social and cultural arenas causing further problems expecially in multi-ethnic societies or in states which came to existence by a junctiona of two different entities. This is exactly the case of Cameroon., Jan Záhořík., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Vascular flora of 71 artificial islands of varying agewas analyzed in 22 fishponds, Třeboň Basin, the Czech Republic. Data on species richness were interpreted in terms of Wilson’s (1969) hypothesis on the development of biotic communities. An increase in species richness during the non-interactive stage (one to two years) and a decrease in the interactive stage (three to six years) were both statistically significant. As predicted, by Wilson’s hypothesis, there was also an increase in species richness in the assortative stage (seven to >50 years), however, this trend was not significant. This successional pattern was confirmed by the vegetation development recorded on 34 re-sampled islands. For these islands the positive change in species richness during the assortative stage was significant based on both paired t- and binomial tests. Contributions of island area, elevation, and isolation during individual successional stages were evaluated. As a whole, this is probably the first clear confirmation of Wilson’s hypothesis for vascular plant communities on islands.
Historiography has shown that the implementation of land reforms in East Central Europe has been greatly stimulated by the particular post-war situation and was influenced by the balance of power in the respective countries. The differences in the radicalism of land reforms depended largely on whether the redistribution of land and property rights could be used to strengthen the new state nations and/or to weaken the former privileged ethnic groups, like Germans, Hungarians or Russians. Nevertheless, the question arises to what extent certain similarities and differences of land reforms were caused by the reception and adaptation of concepts from other countries and from the pre-war times. Germany is often
overlooked in this context because here, after 1918, no major land reforms (but settlement projects) took place. The paper contains examinations of debates on “optimal” land ownership distribution as they were part of German agricultural politics and agricultural sciences (Max Sering) and of the attempts to implement these ideas before the First World War. The article emphasizes the mutual relationship of nationalistically motivated settlement policies and the economically and socio-politically motivated inner colonization. While national goals were not achieved, the interaction of the Poznań Settlement Commission, of the General Commission and of the private Polish and German parcelling agencies caused a signifi cant change in farm size structure by strengthening the rural middle classes. In a second step, a comparison between the German/Prussian settlement policy and “inner colonization” on one side and the East Central European land reforms on the other shows many similarities. The article ends with a plea for a transnational perspective on land reform history by the reconstruction of concrete transfer processes. and Článek zahrnuje poznámkový aparát pod čarou
Invasive species disrupt the organization and functioning of many ant communities. Little is known about ant assemblages formerly in areas invaded by the little fire ant. In this study, we surveyed the same areas and compared the ant communities there when an invasive species first colonized the areas and 10 years later, using the same methodology (quadrat and baiting). A total of 83,299 worker ants from 17 species or morphospecies, in 4 subfamilies and 10 genera were recorded in the two periods sampled. Seven ant species were found to co-occur with W. auropunctata while 12 species were collected in the same area 10 years later, with no W. auropunctata recorded in any of the traps. In the absence of W. auropunctata, the number and diversity of ant species increased and the ant communities were dominated by the African big-headed ant, Pheidole megacephala. Our findings indicate that the disappearance of W. auropunctata is probably related to population increases in P. megacephala associated with dramatic changes in landscape. Further studies at other invaded locations should be carried out in order to reveal the generality of these patterns throughout this country.
Rove beetles (Staphylinidae) are used to explore the forces that shaped the terrestrial fauna on Læsø, a young ca. 3000 year old Danish oceanic island located in the Kattegat strait between mainland Denmark and Sweden. We compile a detailed list of species of rove beetles for Læsø (328 species) and the surrounding Danish and Swedish regions (altogether 1075 species), which includes a standardized inventory of their body sizes, and the habitat and microhabitat preference of each species. The composition of the fauna on Læsø and adjacent mainland regions points to North-Eastern Jutland as the main source of the rove beetles on Læsø. Although large beetles are more active and likely to disperse than small beetles, there is no bias towards large species on the island indicating that the sea separating Læsø from the mainland has not been a barrier for rove beetle dispersal. The statistical analysis of the habitat and microhabitat preferences of the species of the entire system studied has shown that Læsø, compared to the mainland areas, is distinctly more dominated by ecological generalists, especially by species adapted to ephemeral, temporary humid microhabitats. Presumably, the mosaic of mostly dry open habitats available on Læsø filters for species, that are able to populate these suboptimal habitats via patches of humid but ephemeral microhabitats. A comprehensive eco-faunistic dataset for the Staphylinidae compiled for this study is the first modern account of the rove beetle fauna on the Danish island of Læsø., Aslak K. Hansen, Mathias J. Justesen, Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas, David B. Byriel, Jan Pedersen, Alexey Solodovnikov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Following the opening of the Rhine-Main-Danube waterway in 1992 the invasive gobiid Proterorhinus marmoratus started colonizing the River Main and the River Rhine. In 2005, point abundance sampling revealed the presence of the species in two impoundments of the River Moselle next to the confluence with the River Rhine. This distribution pattern suggests that tubenose goby actively immigrated into the River Moselle by using locks and fishways. Highest population densities were recorded in lentic to slightly lotic habitats in headwater reaches of weirs as well as in oxbow lakes and groyne fields. Due to regulation by weir and lock systems, the River Moselle and its largest tributary the River Saar offer numerous suitable habitats facilitating the rapid further expansion upstream to river reaches in Luxembourg and France.
Hlavním cílem článku je nabídnout základní výklad filosofie osvobození Enriqua Dussela, která představuje jednu z alternativních reflexí modernity z pozice utlačovaných. Výklad se soustředí na kulturní a filosofické zdroje filosofie osvobození. Důležitým východiskem textu je zarámování filosofie osvobození do kontextu postkolonialismu (Frantz Fanon, Edward W. Said a další). V tomto kontextu je důležitá metodologie dekolonizace myšlení, spočívající v odhalování hlubokých koloniálních tendencí v evropské epistemologii a ontologii. Další ústřední kategorií filosofie Enriqua Dussela je – kromě konceptu osvobození – ovšem také pojem exteriority, kterému věnuji nemalou část svého textu., The main goal of this article is to provide a basic interpretation of Enrique Dussel‘s philosophy of liberation which is one of the alternative analyses of modernity from the point of view of the oppressed. The analysis concentrates on the cultural and philosophical sources of the philosophy of liberation. The important point of departure is postcolonialism (Frantz Fanon or Edward W. Said for example) and in the postcolonial context the methodology of the decolonization of thought-processes is fundamental. The core of this methodology is the revelation of the colonial tendencies hidden in European epistemology and ontology. The main part of the text is dedicated to an analysis of liberation and exteriority., and Ondřej Lánský.
Generations of historians strived (and they still continue to do so) to deduce, what were the property rights of Mstiš to the homestead at the settlement near the Bilin castle and to the newly built Church of Saint Peter in its vicinity. The outcome of the analysis is unconvincing: Cosmas’ text itself does not enable any unambiguous conclusions on the nature of Mstiš’ rights to the homestead and church. It is possible that localities endowed with names derived from the names of castle custodians and other persons from the ranks of the princely retinue indicate one of the manners in which these individuals could gain land ownership. At least in some of the cases, the custodians could proceed to dispose of the property autonomously and bequeath it to an ecclesiastical institution or establish a similar institution themselves. and Tomáš Velímský.