Opportunities and risks following current European elections and maintaining and improving the health of citizens in EU countries was a major theme of the EHFG annual conference in October in Gastein, Austria. The Ebola crisis in six African nations, with about 14,000 reported cases and 4,900 deaths, was another topic of discussion by the 600 leading experts in attendance. The World Health Organization states 4.7 million people could be infected and 1.2 million people could die from Ebola by June 2015. The crisis is not just an epidemic, it is a systemic failure of our global health care model, according to experts. Moreover, it is a failure on governance, international development assistance, but primarily on the failure to take immediate action. and Marina Hužvárová.
Přestože je fenoménu spirituality a její vazby na zdraví věnována zasloužená pozornost, v českém i zahraničním kontextu je patrný převládající rys takových studií, totiž nedostatečná konceptualizace a nerozlišování mezi spiritualitou a religiozitou. Příspěvek hodlá zvýraznit odlišnosti mezi těmito dvěma fenomény, a to na základě vybraných myšlenek Maxe Schelera (duch jako nepředmětné specifikum lidské existence a seberealizace), Viktora Frankla (duch jako sféra existenciálního smyslu života) a Mircea Eliadeho (odlišení modality bytí sakrální a profánní). Tak vyvstává odlišnost náboženství a religiozity (transcendence do oblasti sakrální) a spirituality (transcendence každodennosti zůstávající v oblasti profánní), s možností aplikace na fenomén zdraví. Vazba spirituality a zdraví je možná ve dvojí podobě: prvním je hledání vlivu spirituality na (fyzické či psychické) zdraví, druhým pak svébytný modus spirituálního zdraví. Příspěvek formou stručného přehledu poukazuje na vybrané studie rozpracovávající obě tyto možnosti. Přesto těžiště textu spočívá ve zvýraznění možností konceptu spirituálního zdraví a jeho operacionalizace, a to vymezením pěti faktorů, které spirituální zdraví konstituují: autentický modus existence (tj. vztah k sobě samému), vztah k druhým lidem v důvěře a otevřenosti, vztah k přírodě coby celku, který nás přesahuje, tázání se po smyslu života a uvědomování si přesahu a transcendence každodennosti., Although the deserved attention is paid to the phenomenon of spirituality and its linkage to health, the prevailing feature of these studies is noticeable both in Czech and international context: the nonsufficient conceptualization and non-distinguishing between spirituality and religiosity. The paper intends to highlight the differences between these two phenomena, on the basis of selected thoughts of Max Scheler (spirit as non-object particularity of human existence and self-realization), Viktor Frankl (spirit as a sphere of existential sense of life), and Mircea Eliade (distinguishing of sacred and profane modalities of existence). The distinction between religion and religiosity (transcendence into sacred sphere), and spirituality (transcendence of everydayness remaining in profane sphere) appears, with possibility of application on the health phenomenon. The linkage of spirituality and health is possible in dual form: the first is the search for the influence of spirituality on (physical or mental) health, the second is the peculiar mode of spiritual health. The paper points to selected studies elaborating both these possibilities in the form of brief overview. But the core of the text consists in highlighting the possibilities of the concept of spiritual health and its operationalization by specifying five factors constituting the spiritual health: authentic mode of existence (i.e. the relation to self), relation to other people in trust and openness, relation to nature as a exceeding whole, inquiring about sense of life, and becoming aware of overlapping and transcendence of everydayness., Ivo Jirásek., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This article reports the results of a content analysis of recently published papers on the relationship(s) between socioeconomic status and health. This study explores how scholars conceptualize and measure socioeconomic status and health. Consequently, this research investigates if significant differences in measurement exist both across subfields within sociology and across disciplines. The evidence presented reveals a remarkable variation in measurement strategies. Moreover, this variation exhibits a pattern that is not entirely predictable. This article concludes by presenting in detail some of the most widely used health indicators and proposing that current measurement practice may be improved by utilizing some more advanced scaling strategies., Martin Kreidl, Lucie Hošková., 4 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé