Together with the development of peritoneal dialysis (PD), appropriate animal models play an important role in the investigation of physiological, pathophysiological and clinical aspects of PD. However, there is still not an ideal experimental PD animal model. In this study, 45 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Grou p 1 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection through the catheter connected to the abdominal cavity, using PD solution containing 3.86 % D-glucose. Group 2 (n=15) was receiving daily peritoneal injection of 0.9 % physiological saline through a catheter. Group 3 (n=15), which was subjected to sham operation, served as controls. Our results showed that WBC counts in peritoneal effluent of Group 1 were slightly higher than those of Group 2 and control group, respectively (p<0.05). However, there was no episode of infection in any group. In addition, there was no significant difference in neutrophils fractions among these three groups. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining demonstrated a dramatic increase in thickness of the mesothelium-to-muscle layer of peritoneum exposed to high glucose (Group 1) compared to Group 2 and controls (p<0.01). These data indicated that we established a novel rat model of PD with a modified catheter insertion method. This model is more practical, easy to operate, not too expensive and it will facilitate the investigate of long-term effects of PD., Y.-M. Peng ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
We investigated neuronal activity of the medulla oblongata
during gastroesophageal reflux-related cough (GERC). A rat
model of GERC was generated by perfusing HCl into lower
esophagus and inducing cough with citric acid. The HCl group rat
was received HCl perfusion without citric acid-induced cough.
The saline control rat was perfused with saline instead and cough
was induced. Citric acid-induced cough rat was only induced by
citric acid. Blank group rats were fed normally. Fos expressions
were observed in medulla oblongata nuclei using
immunohistochemistry. Manganese-enhanced magnetic
resonance imaging (MEMRI) was performed to detect the
Mn2+ signal following intraperitoneal injection of MnCl2. HCl
perfusion and citric acid-induced cough caused Fos expressions in
the nucleus of solitary tract (nTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the
vagus (DMV), paratrigeminal nucleus (Pa5), and intermediate
reticular nucleus (IRt), which was higher than HCl group, saline
control group, citric acid-induced cough group, and blank group.
A high Mn2+ signal was also observed in most of these nuclei in
model rats, compared with blank group animals. The Mn2+ signal
was also higher in the HCl, saline and citric acid-induced cough
group animals, compared with blank group animals. The study
showed medulla oblongata neurons were excited in a HCl
perfusion and citric acid-induced cough rat model, and nTS, DMV,
Pa5 and IRt neurons maybe involved in the cough process and
signal integrate.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling is involved in virtually every aspect of embryonic development and also controls homeostatic selfrenewal in a number of adult tissues. Recently, emerging evidence from researches of organ fibrosis suggest that sustained Wnt/β-catenin pathway reactivation is linked to the pathogenesis of fibrotic disorders. Here we focus on Wnt/β-catenin-related pathogenic effects in different organs, such as lung fibrosis, liver fibrosis, skin fibrosis and renal fibrosis. Additionally, Wnt/β- catenin signaling works in a combinatorial manner with TGF-β signaling in the process of fibrosis, and TGF-β signaling can induce expression of Wnt/β-catenin superfamily members and vice versa. Moreover, network analysis, based on pathway databases, revealed that key factors in the Wnt pathway were targeted by some differentially expressed microRNAs detected in fibrosis diseases. These findings demonstrated the crosstalks between Wnt/β-catenin pathway and TGF-β signalings, and microRNAs, highlighting the role of Wnts in organ fibrogenesis. Most importantly, nowadays there is a variety of Wnt pathway inhibitors which give us the potential therapeutic feasibility, modulation of the Wnt pathway may, therefore, present as a suitable and promising therapeutic strategy in the future., Y. Guo ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury