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12. Posttraumatický rozvoj u vojáků AČR po návratu ze zahraniční mise

Creator:
Krutiš, Jan, Mareš, Jiří, and Ježek, Stanislav
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
zahraniční mise, traumatická událost, váleční veteráni, poststraumatický rozvoj, výzkum, dotazník PTGI, foreign mission, traumatic event, war veterans, posttraumatic growth, research, and PTGI
Language:
Czech
Description:
Výzkumná sonda se soustřeďuje na posttraumatický rozvoj osobnosti vojáků po návratu ze zahraniční mise. Konstatuje, že výzkumů tohoto typu je ve světě relativně málo a stručně charakterizuje dosavadní výzkumy věnované americkým veteránům vietnamské války, izraelským veteránům Jomkipurské války a americkým veteránům války o Kuvajt. Předkládaná výzkumná sonda byla provedena u dvou skupin českých vojáků: 40 příslušníků bojových jednotek (Irák, Afghánistán) a 30 vojenských lékařů a sester z vojenských polních nemocnic (Irák, Afghánistán). Posttraumatický rozvoj byl zjišťován pomocí české verze dotazníku PTGI. Statisticky významně vyšší rozvoj byl zjištěn u vojenských lékařů a sester (peripheral exposure) oproti vojákům bojových jednotek (direct exposure). U vojáků- zdravotníků stoupají s množstvím absolvovaných misí hodnoty proměnné „osobní rozvoj“ a s dobou od „nejhorší mise“ rostou jak hodnoty proměnné „vztahy s druhými“, tak i celkový skór posttraumatického rozvoje v dotazníku PTGI- CZ. Zjištěný posttraumatický rozvoj nesouvisí s pohlavím, věkem, vzděláním, ani délkou služby v armádě; ve složitějších modelech však tyto proměnné pravděpodobně roli hrají. Autoři předpokládají, že rozdíly mezi oběma skupinami souvisejí s charakterem vykonávané práce, a tím i s intenzitou prožívaného distresu, s výběrem uchazečů, způsobem přípravy před misí, sociálním zázemím na misi a psychologickou péčí během mise i po jejím skončení. Výzkum konstatoval velkou variabilitu vývojových trendů u nezdravotníků. Jedním z vysvětlení může být rozdílný časový průběh, tedy rozdílný nástup posttraumatického rozvoje u jednotlivých složek celkového posttraumatického rozvoje. and Post-traumatic growth in soldiers of the Army of the Czech Republic after return from foreign mission The research focuses on the post-traumatic growth of soldiers´ personality after the return from the foreign mission. The studies of this type are relatively infrequent. The authors briefly characterize existing studies devoted to American veterans of Vietnam War, Israeli veterans of Yom Kippur war, and American veterans of Kuwait war. The study was accomplished in two groups of Czech soldiers: 40 members of combat units (Iraq, Afghanistan) and 30 military physicians and nurses of military field hospitals (Iraq, Afghanistan). The post-traumatic growth was assessed by the Czech version of PTGI questionnaire. Statistically higher values were found in military physicians and nurses (peripheral exposure) than in soldiers of combat units (direct exposure). In soldiers-physicians and nurses raise with the number of missions the values of „personal development“ variable and with the time since „the worst mission“ raise both the values of „relations to others“ variable and the total score of the posttraumatic growth in the PTGI questionnaire. The found posttraumatic growth does not relate to sex, age, education, nor to the duration of service in the army; but these variables probably play role in more complex models. The authors assume that the differences between both the groups are connected with the type of exercised work a thus with the intensity of perceived distress, with the selection of applicants, with the preparation for the mission, with the social background on the mission, and with the psychological care during the mission and after its completion. The study stated a high variability in developmental trends in non-medical soldiers. One explanation can be the different time course and different start of post-traumatic growth in particular component parts of general post-traumatic growth.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

14. Psychometrické vlastnosti české verze Dotazníku obecné self- -efficacy u populace hospitalizovaných pacientů

Creator:
Hodačová, Lenka, Cígler, Hynek, Vachková, Eva, and Mareš, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
self-efficacy, psychometrics, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Item Response Theory, hospitalized patients, psychometrické vlastnosti, Dotazník obecné self-efficacy, teorie odpovědi na položku, and hospitalizovaní pacienti
Language:
Czech
Description:
Objectives. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Czech version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) in the group of hospitalized patients. Sample and setting. The sample contained 386 respondents hospitalized in the Faculty hospital Hradec Kralove. The Czech version of GSES was used. Statistical analysis. All the analyses were performed in the R environment. Factor structure was tested using Item Response Theory (IRT), namely two-parameters Graded Response model. This model was used also for testing measurement invariance for men and women. T-tests and linear model to test relation between GSES and demographical variables were used. Percentile norms were constructed using kernel smoothed cumulative distribution for men and women separately. Results. The score of the scale ranged from 15 to 40 points with an average of M = 30.86 (SD = 6.05). The results suggest that the Czech version of the GSES has satisfactory psychometric properties, the internal consistency is on high level (Cronbach,s α = 0.924; ωt = 0.938). Even though the analysis of the structure of the questionnaire showed to be slightly twodimensional, the correlation of the two factors is quite high. This implies the potential of working with one universal questionnaire score. Of all monitored variables, only gender had statistically significant influence over the perceived self-efficacy, the scale was invariant for both genders. The differences between clinics were very small, only the respondents from psychiatric clinic achieved statistically significant lower score. Study limitations. The limits of the study come from its cross-sectional character and the fact that the choice of respondents was not representative. Data are based on subjective statements coming from respondents hospitalized with various health problems. and Cíle. Cílem práce bylo zjistit psychometrické vlastnosti české verze Dotazníku obecné self- -efficacy (General Self-Efficacy Scale – GSES) u populace hospitalizovaných pacientů. Vzorek a metodika. Sledovaný soubor činil 386 respondentů hospitalizovaných ve Fakultní nemocnici Hradec Králové. Byla použita česká verze dotazníku General Self-Efficacy Scale. Statistická analýza. Veškeré analýzy byly provedeny v prostředí R. Faktorová struktura byla ověřována s využitím teorie odpovědi na položku (Item Response Theory), a to pomocí dvouparametrového Graded Response Modelu. Tento byl použit i pro ověření invariance měření mezi muži a ženami. Pro hodnocení vztahu obecné self-efficacy s demografickými proměnnými byla použita lineární regrese a t-testy. Percentilové normy byly sestrojeny pomocí vyhlazené kumulativní distribuční funkce pro muže a ženy zvláště. Výsledky. Celkový skór škály se pohyboval v rozmezí 15–40 bodů s průměrem M = 30,86 (SD = 6,05). Psychometrické vlastnosti české verze dotazníku GSES jsou dobré, vnitřní konzistence je vysoká (Cronbachovo α = 0,924; ωt = 0,938). Struktura dotazníku je spíše dvoudimenzionální, korelace obou faktorů je však velmi vysoká. Je tedy smysluplné pracovat s jediným celkovým skórem dotazníku. Ze všech sledovaných proměnných pouze pohlaví mělo statisticky významný vliv na vnímanou self- -efficacy (SE), škála byla pro obě pohlaví invariantní. Rozdíly mezi klinikami byly velmi malé, pouze respondenti z psychiatrické kliniky dosahovali statisticky významně nižšího skóru oproti respondentům z ostatních klinik. Limity studie. Limity studie vyplývají z jejího průřezového charakteru a skutečnosti, že výběr respondentů nebyl reprezentativní. Data jsou založena na subjektivních výpovědích; jedná se o respondenty hospitalizované s různými zdravotními potížemi.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

17. Ten propositions about Munich 1938: on the fateful event of Czech and European history - without legends and national stereotypes

Creator:
Smetana, Vít and Mareš, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Munich Agreement, Czechoslovakia, and history
Language:
English
Description:
This essay examines, in ten clearly formulated propositions, the causes and the long-term impact of the Munich Agreement of September 1938. This complex theme is approached through not purely national lenses. The term ''betrayal'' as a dominant label of the actions of the two West European democratic powers is thus questioned. The author claims that the British and French unwillingness to go to war because of Czechoslovakia’s border regions is, in the light of previous historical developments, understandable and, in a way, even rational. He also points out certain defi ciencies in the Czechoslovak treatment of its German minority. At the same time, Czechoslovakia’s political leaders were playing a strange game with their people in September 1938, alternately stirring up and moderating their patriotic feelings - depending on where the behind-the-scenes negotiations on Czechoslovak border regions were heading at a given moment. Also the alleged Soviet preparedness to come to Czechoslovakia’s assistance in September 1938 is more than questionable; Stalin intended to intervene only in a European war, not to help lonesome Czechoslovakia. Nonetheless, Munich has had, and unfortunately continues to have, a fundamental infl uence on the Czech ''mental map'' of Europe. The lesson according to which the West should not be trusted and it would therefore be advisable to look for protection and alliance in the East still lives on in minds of a number of Czech politicians and of a not negligible segment of the public. On the other hand, the ''lessons of Munich,'' according to which it is not advisable to make concessions to any aggression or blackmailing, became a part of policies of Western statesmen confronting expansionist dictatorships, and the other life of Munich thus continued to complicate the use of ''negotiations'' as a method of dealing with international crises by Western politicians in the Cold War and beyond. and Přeložil Jiří Mareš
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

19. The colourfulness of prefab grey: Skřivánková, Lucie - Švácha, Rostislav - Novotná, Eva - Jirkalová, Karolina (ed.): Paneláci 1: Padesát sídlišť v českých zemích. Kritický katalog k cyklu výstav Příběh paneláku [The Paneláks 1: Fifty housing estates in the Czech Lands. Critical catalogue of a series of exhibitions “A story of a panelák”]; Skřivánková, Lucie - Švácha, Rostislav - Koukalová, Martina - Novotná, Eva (ed.): Paneláci 2: Historie sídlišť v českých zemích 1945-1989. Kritický katalog k výstavě Bydliště – panelové sídliště: Plány, realizace, bydlení 1945-1989 [The Paneláks 2: The history of housing estates in the Czech Lands 1945-1989. Critical catalogue of the exhibition “Residence - housing estate: Plans, realization, housing 1945-1989]

Creator:
Roubal, Petr and Mareš, Jiří
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Czechoslovakia, prefab houses, prefab housing schemes, architecture, housing, and Communist regime
Language:
English
Description:
Both collective publications (Prefab houses 1: Fifty prefab housing schemes in the Czech Lands. A critical catalogue of the “Prefab house story” series of exhibitions and Prefab houses 2: History of housing schemes in the Czech Lands 1945–1989. A critical catalogue of the “Residence – prefab housing scheme: Planning, realization, housing 1945–1989” exhibition) are products of a broadly conceived interdisciplinary research project the deliverables of which included, inter alia, exhibitions in Prague and all regional capitals of the Czech Republic and which were awarded the prestigious Magnesia Litera prize in 2018 as an extraordinary feat in the fi eld of professional and educational literature. In the reviewer’s opinion, they bring the fi rstever systematic attempt to periodize the prefab-based building projects in the Czech part of the former Czechoslovakia between the mid-1940s and the end of the 1980s, at the same time providing a multifaceted characterization based on a representative sample of fifty prefab housing schemes in Bohemia and Moravia. and Each of them was subjected to a thorough artistic-historical analysis outlining the development of the housing scheme’s concept, providing brief information about its authors, describes its urbanistic concept, prefab technology used, and artefacts and decorations. Added to the above is a set of interdepartmental studies analyzing different aspects of the historical development of prefab housing schemes. The compact collective of authoresses and authors has succeeded in presenting the prefab housing schemes, no matter how similar they may seem, as a varied and dynamically developing phenomenon, which fact is underlined by excellent work with archival photographs and the generally outstanding graphic layout of the publications. The only critical comment the reviewer has is that the authors were so absorbed by the architectural aspect of the matter that they tended to overlook substantial changes of the socialist urbanism in Czechoslovakia.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public