Examination of a total of 581 fish specimens of 15 species from 39 cenotes (sinkholes) in the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico, revealed the presence of 10 species of adult trematodes. These were as follows: Saccocoelioides sogandaresi Lumsden, 1963, Saccocoelinides sp. (family Haploporidae), Cichlasotrema ujati Pineda et Andrade, 1989 (Angiodictyidae), Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936 (Homalometridae), Magnivitellinum simplex Kloss, 1966 (Macroderoididae), Stunkardiel-la minima (Stunkard, 1938) (Acanthostomidae), Oligogonotylus manieri Watson, 1976 (Cryptogonimidae), Genarchella tropica (Manter, 1936), G. astyanactis (Watson, 1976), and G. isabellae (Lamothe-Argumedo, 1977) (Derogenidae). Saccocoelioides sogandaresi is reported from Mexico for the first time. Poecilia velifera and P. latipunctata for S. sogandaresi, Cichlasoma octo-fasciatum for C. cichlasomae, Cichlasoma friedrichslahli and C. meeki for O. manieri, and C. meeki, C. octofasciatum and Go-hiomorus dormitor for C. isabellae represent new host records. Most species found are described and figured and their host range
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and affects millions of people worldwide. Developing an effective CHB therapy requires using in vivo screening methods, such as mouse models reflecting CHB based on hydrodynamic delivery of plasmid vectors containing a replication-competent HBV genome. However, long-term expression of HBV proteins is accompanied by production of progeny virions, thereby requiring a Biosafety Level (BSL) 3 animal facility. In the present study, we introduced a point mutation in the START codon of the HBV polymerase to develop a mouse model reflecting chronic hepatitis B infection without formation of viral progeny. We induced the mouse model by hydrodynamic injection of adeno-associated virus plasmid vector (pAAV) and minicircle plasmid (pMC) constructs into C57Bl/6 and C3H/HeN mouse strains, monitoring HBV antigens and antibodies in blood by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzing liver expression of HBV core antigen by immunohistology. Persisting expression of viral antigens over 140 days (study endpoint) was observed only in the C3H/HeN mouse strain when using pAAV/1.2HBV-A and pMC/1.0HBV-D with pre-C and pre-S recombination sites. In addition, pAAV/1.2HBV-A in C3H/HeN sustained HBV core antigen positivity up to the study endpoint in C3H/HeN mice. Moreover, introducing the point mutation in the START codon of polymerase effectively prevented the formation of viral progeny. Our study establishes an accessible and affordable experimental paradigm for developing a robust mouse model reflecting CHB suitable for preclinical testing of anti-HBV therapeutics in a BSL2 animal facility.
Buckling behaviour of a small delaminated plate subjected to compression loading has been studied by means of the finite element analysis. The study shows several trends in the effect of number, orientation and through-the-thickness position of delaminations upon the buckling response. These findings could be used for evaluation of reliability of laminate structures which might be subjected to impact loading, such as aircraft structures. and Obsahuje seznam literatury
This study examines when mandatory clerical celibacy was instituted in the Czech lands. At first it was only demanded of candidates to become bishops while other priests regularly had wives and children up to the 12th century. The Papal Curia first intervened in favour of celibacy in 1143 through a mission by Cardinal Guido when married clerics were removed from their posts. Another came with Cardinal Peter in 1197 when he (unsuccessfully) demanded that those being ordained also take a vow of purity. Celibacy was then enforced after the Fourth Council of the Lateran in 1215.
The goal of the article is to present in short the history and character of the songs included in the so called „Prague collection“, the biggest preserved collection of ethnographic sources from the German language regions of the former Czechoslovak Republic. The collection contains scores of folk songs, texts of legends, theatrical plays, the ritual folklore, notes on various dialects, local names etc., and also a big set of old photographs and other iconographical material. In present - after the basic archival Processing - the collection contains 76 boxes and is preserved, under the label FNO („Fond německých oblastí“, i. e. Fund of German regions) in the Ethnological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The „Prague collection“ came to being infour timeperiods: 1894-1900, 1906-1918 (the biggest part), 1922-1938, and the last part during the World War II. Until the end of the 1980's it was practically inaccessible, primarily out of the political reasons. Only in the next decade it became the object of Scientific research and simultaneously, because of its damaged state, also object of the work of restoration. After its inventory was made, the subsequent processing, especially the cataloguing of songs, was realized within the framework of the Joint project of the Ethnological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Deutsches Volksarchiv in Freiburg im Freisgau. The project was financed by the foundation of the Volkswagen company. The result of the project was the preservation of the collection, restoration of the sources, the making of an inventory with the index of localities of origin and the names of collectors, making of copies of the sources and analysis of ali the scores. Precisely to the scores is dedicated the second part of the present article. In its final part the author outlines the fields of study that can use this collection as a unique source base. Even though the Scientific analysis o f the „Prague collection“ has not been completed yet and the majority of the sources waits for publication, it is obvious its extraordinary cultural value and cultural-political importance.