Podyjí National Park is one of the hotspots of fungal diversity in the Czech Republic (so far we know about 1400 species from this area). The main reasons for this fact (well-preserved natural habitats, habitat and geological diversity) are introduced and briefly discussed in the article. high fungal diversity is documented based on several examples of rare or endangered species, which are typical for some of the local habitats and characterize the range of ecological conditions in the studied area. and Jan Běťák.
Ačkoli bylo světélkování u hub doloženo již ve starověku, intenzivnějšího vědeckého studia se tomuto jevu dostává teprve v posledních letech. Článek shrnuje naše dosavadní poznání bioluminiscence u hub z hlediska evolučního, ekologického i fyziologického. Jeho součástí jsou i fotografie dvou tropických druhů se světélkujícími plodnicemi - Mycena chlorophos a Filoboletus manipularis., Bioluminescence in fungi was first observed in the Archaic period or earlier, but it has only recently been studied scientifically. This paper sums up our knowledge on this phenomenon from evolutionary, ecological, and physiological points of view. Included are photos of two tropical species with luminescent fruiting bodies - Mycena chlorophos and Filoboletus manipularis., and Michal Sochor, Zuzana Egertová.
Plant virology department of the Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, is successful in description and sequencing of mycoviruses and plant viruses, recently. Most of the newly described viruses have unique genome organization and did not induce disease symptoms in their plant of fungal hosts, respectively. By contrast, some mycoviruses debilitate their hosts and are promising as tools for biological control of harmful fungi. and Karel Petrzik, Ondřej Lenz.
Analyzovali jsme stanoviště a rozšíření houby šupinovky Henningsovy (Pholiota henningsii) v Evropě, kde je známa z Holandska, Akvitánie, Pařížské pánve, Massiv Central, úpatí Pyrenejí a Alp ve Francii a Švýcarsku, třetihorních pánví v Rakousku a jižních Čechách, z Mazurských jezer v Polsku, ostrova Sjaelland v Dánsku a ostrovů poblíž Stockholmu ve Švédsku. Všude je velmi vzácná a v mnoha zemích je zařazena na červených seznamech ohrožených druhů hub. Roste na slatinách, přechodových rašeliništích i vrchovištích, jak živinami bohatých, tak chudých. Váže se na lokality a oblasti s dlouhodobou (tisíciletou) historií otevřených rašelinišť ležících v blízkosti vodních nádrží. V ČR byly tři historické lokality doplněny v roce 2012 o dvě nové. Dlouhodobá mozaika lesa a bezlesí se zdá být hlavní podmínkou pro přežívání tohoto druhu reliktních stanovišť., The occurrence of the rare fungus Pholiota henningsii has been analysed in Europe. It is known from the Netherlands, the Parisian and Aquitanian basins, the Massif Central, and the foothils of the Pyrenées and Alps in France, Switzerland and Austrian Terciary basins, with numerous mires, in southern Bohemia, the Mazury lakes in Poland, Sjaelland island in Denmark and the island region near Stockholm in Sweden. In many countries it is included in Red Lists of endangered species. The fungus occurs in spring fens, transitional mires and raised bogs, both nutrient rich and oligotrophic. It is confined to localities with long term (i.e. millennia-long) mire non-forest continuity, in the vicinity of open water bodies up to the present. In the Czech Republic three historical sites were completed by two new localities in 2012. A temperate and forest - treeless mire mosaic seems to be the conditional factor for the long-term persistence of this relict species., and Jan Holec, Tomáš Kučera.
Komu z nás by se při tété otázce neobjevili před očima voňavé kloboučky hříbků, elegantní bedly či rezavé lišky - nebo je libo drahocenné lanýže? Sotva si zároveň vybavíme doma nevítané houby dřevokazné nebo mikroskopické, laiky běžné označované jako plisně, které mohou jak zabíjet, tak zachraňovat životy. Biologové se je učí znát a využívat k našemu prospěchu stále důkladněji. and Jana Olivová, Stanislava Kyselová, Milan Gryndler, Jiří Jirout.
We hypothesize that differences in fungal taxonomic groups may exert a direct influence on the composition of mycophagous insect communities, and that the relative importance of taxonomy compared to other fungal traits may change as the mushrooms decay. We conducted a 3-year field survey and analyzed the species composition of mycophagous insect communities using partial canonical correspondence analysis (partial CCA). We collected 2457 mushrooms belonging to 27 genera, and 4616 insects belonging to 16 families emerged from 439 of the mushrooms. For the whole insect community, fungal genera explained 10-19% of the total variance in the family composition of the insect communities of mushrooms at different developmental stages. Only the fungal genus Collybia significantly affected the community composition almost irrespective of developmental stage. In the drosophilid community, which consisted of 844 individuals from 9 species, fungal genera explained 19-34% of the total variance. Some fungal genera, such as Amanita and Collybia, affected the drosophilid community, but not at all developmental stages. The number of fungal genera that significantly affected the insect community composition did not differ among fungal stages both in the whole insect community and in the drosophilid community. Thus, our former hypothesis was supported by the present analysis, whereas the latter was not. However, the percentages of variance explained by fungal genera were rather small. This suggests that the importance of fungal genera is likely to be less significant than that of other selection pressures in determining the species composition of mycophagous insect communities.