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2. A new species of Australotaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) from a snake in Cambodia: host switching or postcyclic parasitism in a distant region?
- Creator:
- Chambrier, Alain de and Scholz, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- taxonomy, zoogeography, tapeworms, helminths, Reptilia, South East Asia, and Indomalayan Region
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Australotaenia de Chambrier et de Chambrier, 2010 has been proposed to accommodate two species of proteocephalidean cestodes from hylid frogs (Litoria spp.) in Australia. Recently, apparently congeneric cestode, for which the name A. bunthangi sp. n. is proposed, was found in the homalopsid snake Enhydris enhydris (Schneider) (Serpentes: Homalopsidae) from South-East Asia (Cambodia). This finding indicates a much wider range of definitive hosts of species of this genus, i.e. amphibians and reptiles, which is exceptional among proteocephalideans. Postcyclic parasitism, i.e. predation of the definitive host infected with sexually mature parasites, cannot be excluded but does not seem to be probable. In addition, the occurrence of A. bunthangi in the former Indochina extends the range of the geographical distribution of the genus to another zoogeographical region. The new species differs from both species of Australotaenia in the relative size of an apical organ, the diameter of which equals to that of suckers (versus much smaller in the remaining species, in which the width of the apical organ represents less than 2/3 of the diameter of the suckers), much smaller scolex and suckers (width 150 μm and diameter of suckers 50-55 μm versus 245-420 μm and 100-140 μm, respectively), and longer body (224 mm versus 57-121 mm). In addition, A. bunthangi differs from A. hylae (Johnston, 1912) (type-species of the genus) by the number of testes (46-64 versus 74-106 in A. hylae) and by the ovary width/proglottis width ratio (55-65% versus 68-71% in A. hylae). Australotaenia bunthangi differs from A. grobeli de Chambrier et de Chambrier, 2010 by relative size of the cirrus-sac (its length represents 18-24% of the width of the proglottis versus 27-33% in A. grobeli) and by the diameter of the embryophore (25-27 µm versus 18-23 µm in A. grobeli).
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. An eight-year survey of the intestinal parasites of carnivores, hoofed mammals, primates, ratites and reptiles in the Ljubljana zoo in Slovenia
- Creator:
- Kvapil, Pavel, Kastelic, Marjan, Dovč, Alenka, Eva Bártová, Petr Čížek, Lima, Natacha, and Štrus, Špela
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- zvířata chovaná v ZOO, zoo animals, helminths, protists, long-term monitoring, coprology, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Problems with parasitic infections and their interspecies transmissions are common in zoological gardens and could pose serious health damage to captive animals. This study presents results of eight-year monitoring of intestinal parasites in animals from Zoo Ljubljana, Slovenia. A total of 741 faecal samples from 40 animal species were collected two to four times per year and examined microscopically. Intestinal parasites were detected in 45% of samples, with detection of helminths (Cestoda, Nematoda - Ascaridida, Enoplida, Strongylida, Oxyurida, Rhabditida and Trichurida) and protists (Apicomplexa and Ciliophora) in 25% and 13% of samples, respectively; mixed infection was found in 7% of samples. The mostly infected were ungulates (61%), followed by reptiles (44%), ratites (29%), primates (22%) and carnivores (7%). During the observation period, the number of infected animal species increased from 8 to 25. This is the first long-term monitoring study of intestinal parasites in zoo animals from Slovenia. Routine monitoring of parasitic infection and regular deworming and hygienic measures are necessary to prevent gastrointestinal infections in captive animals., Pavel Kvapil, Marjan Kastelic, Alenka Dovč, Eva Bártová, Petr Čížek, Natacha Lima, Špela Štrus., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Ecological analyses of the intestinal helminth communities of the wolf, Canis lupus, in Spain
- Creator:
- Segovia, Juan-Matías, Guerrero, Ricardo, Torres, Jordi, Miquel, Jordi, and Feliu, Carlos
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- helminths, communities, Canis lupus, Spain (Werner, 1782), Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902), and Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) and Trichuris vulpis (Froelich)
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This work describes the ecological characteristics of the intestinal helminth communities of 50 wolves (Canis lupus L.) from Spain. The species found were classified into three groups according to prevalence, intensity and intestinal distribution. Taenia hydatigena Pallas, 1766 and Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884) are the core species of the community. Taenia multiceps (Leske, 1780) is a secondary species. The rest of the species, Alaria alata (Goeze, 1782), Taenia serialis (Gervais, 1847), Taenia pisiformis (Bloch, 1780), Dipylidium caninum (Linnaeus, 1758), Mesocestoides sp. aff. litteratus, Toxocara canis (Werner, 1782), Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902), Ancylostoma caninum (Ercolani, 1859) and Trichuris vulpis (Froelich, 1789), behave as satellite species. The linear intestinal distribution of all helminth species was analysed. The location of most species can be considered predictable, especially for core and secondary species. The analysis of interspecific relationships between infracommunities shows that negative associations are more numerous than positive associations. The role of A. caninum in the community is compared with that of U. stenocephala.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
5. First species of Ophiotaenia (Cestoda: Proteocephalidea) from Madagascar: O. georgievi sp. n., a parasite of the endemic snake Leioheterodon geayi (Colubridae)
- Creator:
- Chambrier, Alain de, Ammann, Morgane, and Scholz, Tomáš
- Format:
- bez média and svazek
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Eucestoda, Proteocephalidea, Ophiotaenia georgievi, morphology, Ophidia, and helminths
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ophiotaenia georgievi sp. n. (Proteocephalidea: Proteocephalinae) is described from the intestine of endemic colubrid snake Leioheterodon geayi Mocquard (Colubridae) from Antananarivo in Madagascar. The new species is the first species of Ophiotaenia La Rue, 1911 reported from Madagascar. It differs from all Ophiotaenia species parasitic in African snakes in the possession of a three-layered embryophore of eggs (other African species have two-layered embryophore). Furthermore, O. georgievi can be distinguished by the number of testes (92-140), width of the scolex (225-235 µm), total body length (57 mm), cirrus-sac length/proglottis width ratio (19-32%), and number of lateral uterine diverticula (23-28 on each side). Ophiotaenia georgievi represents the second proteocephalidean cestode reported from Madagascar, the first one being Deblocktaenia ventosaloculata (Deblock, Rosé et Broussart, 1962), a parasite from Ithycyphus miniatus. A list of Ophiotaenia species parasitic in venomous and non-venomous snakes is provided and possible existence of other new congeneric species in snakes from Madagascar is discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Helminth ectoparasites of sillaginid fishes (Perciformes: Percoidei) have low species richness
- Creator:
- Hayward, Craig J.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- ectoparasites, helminths, Sillaginidae, Monogenea, Digenea, Hirudinea, and diversity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Just nineteen species of ectoparasitic helminths were found in a survey of over 1,500 individuals of 26 species of sillaginid fishes in the Indo-west Pacific, A twentieth worm is known only from the literature; a twenty-first, also known only from the literature, is considered a doubtful record. Fifteen of the twenty worms are branchial monogeneans, one is a monoge-nean of the pharyngeal plates, one is an ectoparasitic digenean living under the scales, and three are leeches of the mouth cavity and fins. The most common monogeneans were diplectanids (Diplectanum spp. and Monoplectanum spp.) and microcotylids (Polylabris spp.), each with five recently described or redescribed species. Of the remaining monogeneans, three were extremely rare, and two were uncommon. Pseudnbivagina sp. and Polynemicola sp. (Microcotylidae) and Pseudempleurosoma sp. (Ancyrocephalidae) were represented by only a single worm each from three different hosts (Sillago robusta, S. sihama, and S. ingenuua, respectively). The gyrodactylid Gyrodactylus sp, is widespread and was recorded from four species of sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. japonica, S. schomburgkii and S. sihama). Encolyllabe chirrmemi Robinson (Capsalidae) is recorded for the first time from sillaginids, but only on S. aeolus.'Tv/o additional monogeneans are known from sillaginids only in the literature: Dacty-logyrus sp, (Dactylogyridae) is known only from cultured S. sihama', the single specimen of Microcotyle sp. (Microcotylidae) recorded from Sillaginodes punctata is probably a contaminant, since the haptor was missing. The generalist trematode Trans-versolrema Ucinum Manter (Transversotrematidae) was found for the first time in samples of four species of sillaginids (Sillago analis, S. ingenuua, S. lutea and 5. sihama). Three species of piscicolid leeches were encountered: Austrohdella translucens Badham was common on the fins of three large inshore sillaginids (S. ciliata, S. schomburgkii and S. analis); a single specimen of the generalist species Zeylanicobdella arugamensis De Silva was recovered from S. soringa·, and specimens of Z. stellata (Moore) infected S. schomburgkii and S. analis. The diversity of host-specific worms in Sillaginidae is low compared with those of some other Indo-west Pacific fishes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
7. Helminth parasites of Epinephelus morio (Pisces: Serranidae) of the Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico
- Creator:
- Moravec, František, Vidal-Martinez, Victor M., Vargas-Vázquez, Joaquin, Vivas-Rodriguez, Carla, Gonzáles-Solís, David, Mendoza-Franco, Edgar, Simá-Alvarez, Raúl, and Guemez-Ricalde, Jorge
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Epinephelus morio, fishes, helminths, Gulf of Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula, and Mexico
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The present paper comprises a systematic survey of helminths from 202 red groupers, Epinephelus morio (Valenciennes) (Pisces: Serranidae), the most important commercial marine fish in the region, collected from ten localities off the Yucatan Peninsula in the Gulf of Mexico during 1994-1996; two more helminth species were recorded from E. morio earlier. Thirty species of helminths were found: Monogenea 1, Cestoda 3, Trematoda 17, Nematoda 8, Acanthocephala 1. Of them, 15 species were adults, whereas 15 species were larval stages parasitizing piscivorous elasmobranch and teleostean fishes, birds and marine mammals as adults. A new didymozoid trematode, Allonematohnlhrium yucatanense sp. n., is described from the fins of this host. Most findings represent new host- and geographical records. Philometra margolisi, a nematode parasitizing the gonads, is undoubtedly the most important parasite affecting the reproduction of the host, endangering E. morio in aquaculture. Larval anisakid nematodes (Anisakis, Pseudoterranova, Hysterothylacium) recorded from the red grouper in the region of the southern Gulf of Mexico are important from the viewpoint of public health.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
8. Helminth parasites of the rare endemic catfish, Liobagrus reini, in Japan
- Creator:
- Moravec, František and Nagasawa, Kazuya
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- Liobagrus reini, freshwater fish, helminths, Plagioporus, Rhabdochona, Mexiconema, Honshu, and Japan
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Examinations of 29 specimens of the catfish Liobagrus reini Hilgendorf (Siluriformes: Amblycipitidae), a species endemic to Japan, collected from the Sho River, Toyama Prefecture, in central Honshu, revealed the presence of four species of helminth parasites: Plagioporus honshuensis sp. n. (Trematoda), Rhabdochona coronacauda Belouss, 1965, H. japonica Moravec, 1975 and Mexiconema liobagri sp. n. (all Nematoda). The new opccoelid trematode P. honshuensis is characterized mainly by the extent of vitelline follicles, the size ratio of the suckers (1 : 1.7-2.1), the situation of testes near the middle of the body and by the structure, size and shape of the cirrus sac. Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 is considered a junior synonym of Plagioporus Stafford, 1904. The males of R. japonica are described for the first time and conspeciftc females are redescribed; this species is a specific parasite of L. reini. The principle hosts of R. coronacauda are cyprinids and, therefore, its finding in the catfish may indicate an accidental infection; L. reini represents a new host record. M. liobagri (only females were found) from the host’s abdominal cavily is the second known species of this dracunculoid genus, being characterized by the position of the excretory pore and the number (1) of caudal processes in the female. The recorded helminths are briefly described and illustrated and problems of their systematic status are discussed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
9. Host-parasite relationships of Zootoca vivipara (Sauria: Lacertidae) in the Pyrenees (North Spain)
- Creator:
- Sanchis, Vanessa, Roig, Juan M., Carretero, Miguel A., Roca, Vicente, and Llorente, Gustavo A.
- Format:
- Type:
- model:internalpart and TEXT
- Subject:
- helminths, Oswaldocruziafìliformis, host-parasite relationships, Zootoca vivìpara, Pyrenees, and Spain
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The helminths infesting the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara (Jacquin, 1787), were studied with special attention to the relations between the number of nematodes, Oswaldocruzia filiformis (Goezc,1782), and the size, sex and age class of the host. The possible seasonality of the parasite intensity and the relationship with the feeding habits of the host were also tested. Helminth infracommunities of Z. vivipara were depauperate with lizards harbouring only two species, the tremalode Plagiorchis molini (Lent et Freitas, 1940) and the nematode O, filiformis. A positive correlation between host size and the number of O. filiformis was found for female Z. vivipara. However, no correlation was detected between intensity and sex or age class. The feeding habits of Z. vivipara, the isolation of the population studied and the low level of interaction with other reptilian or amphibian species are suggested as the causes of the depauperate helminth infracommunities found in this laccrtid lizard.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
10. Inactivation of proteolytic enzymes by Eubothrium rugosum (Cestoda) from the gut of burbot Lota lota
- Creator:
- Izvekova, Galina I, Frolova, Tatyana V, and Izvekov, Evgeny I
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- ryby, trávicí enzymy, inhibitory proteáz, fishes, digestive enzymes, protease inhibitors, helminths, trypsin, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Parasitic organisms inhabiting the alimentary canal should permanently resist the destructive action of host digestive enzymes. The intestinal parasites were shown to produce specific protease inhibitors protecting them from proteolysis. However, little is known about this adaptive mechanism in cestodes so far, especially for the tapeworms dwelling inside the fish intestines. Here, we explored the ability to inactivate proteolytic enzymes in the fish tapeworm Eubothrium rugosum (Batsch, 1786) (Bothriocephalidea) parasitising the intestine of wild burbot, Lota lota (Linnaeus). The assays were conducted with different concentrations of commercial trypsin and homogenate of intestinal mucosa both being the sources of proteinases. The incubation of live E. rugosum in trypsin solutions of two different concentrations caused a significant decrease in the enzyme activity. The extent of activity reduction was dependent on trypsin concentration. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of the worm incubation medium turned out to be statistically insignificant. These findings suggest partial adsorption of the enzyme to the tegument surface, with its further inactivation. In contrast to the incubation medium, the worm extract suppressed over 80% of trypsin activity and nearly half of the proteolytic activity in the mucosa homogenate. Notably, the inhibitory activity of the tapeworms hardly depended on their size characteristics. Finally, the research has demonstrated secretion of proteinase inhibitor in E. rugosum, which appears to be essential for its survival in enzymatically hostile environment., Galina I. Izvekova, Tatyana V. Frolova, Evgeny I. Izvekov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public