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1. “Dissatisfied breadwinners” in search of the human being: how gender inequality was seen - and not seen - in Czechoslovak marxist humanism

Creator:
Mervart, Jan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Marxist humanism, gender, emancipation, and Czechoslovakia
Language:
Czech
Description:
In East-Central Europe, Marxist humanism embodied one of the most promising theoretical developments of the 1960s. While respecting the unquestionable value of this intellectual current, this article highlights the contradiction between the emancipatory proclamations of humanist intellectuals and their reluctance to recognize certain prevalent forms of oppression. After comparing the humanist approach toward gender-structured themes in the former Czechoslovakia with the contrasting techno-optimist approach, the latter group is shown to have been more sensitive toward women’s issues. Th e article concludes that there was an intrinsic problem in Marxist humanist theory that contributed to this historical shortcoming in its emancipatory eff orts.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Habermasův pojem komunikativní racionality

Creator:
Lysoňková, Michala
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, Jürgen Habermas, komunikativní racionalita, analytická filosofie jazyka, teorie řečových aktů, formální pragmatika, pragmatistická sémantika, emancipace, communicative rationality, analytical philosophy of language, theory of speech acts, formal pragmatics, pragmatist semantics, emancipation, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
Cílem předložené stati je kriticky zhodnotit Habermasův pojem komunikativní racionality, tedy koncept, který je výrazem dalekosáhlého pokusu o rehabilitaci racio­nality, jež by umožnila teoreticky ukotvit praktický projekt spravedlivé společnosti. Komunikativní racionalita, která provází Habermasovy úvahy o politice a společnosti přibližně od poloviny sedmdesátých let minulého století až do současnosti, je výsledkem jeho snahy připojit se k pragmatickému obratu v analytické filosofii (a zároveň tento obrat překročit). Formální pragmatika, v jejímž rámci je komunikativní racio­nalita formulována, těží především z teorie řečových aktů Johna L. Austina a Johna R. Searla a z – primárně Dummettovy – pragmatistické sémantiky. Právě za pomoci konceptů artikulovaných těmito autory se Habermas pokouší odkrýt „platnostní základ řeči“, předvést specifickou jazykovou normativitu, která se vyznačuje podstatným emancipačním rozměrem., The aim of this article is to critically evaluate Habermas’ concept of communicative rationality. This concept is an expression of the far-reaching attempt to rehabilitate rationality, which would then make possible a theoretical grounding for the practical project of a just society. Communicative rationality, which has been a part of Habermas’ considerations of politics and society from roughly the mid-seventies up to today, is the result of his attempt to adopt the pragmatic turn in analytical philosophy (and at the same time to go beyond this turn). Formal pragmatics, in the framework of which communicative rationality is formulated, draws above all from the theory of speech acts of John L. Austin and John R. Searle and from – primarily Dummett’s – pragmatist semantics. It is with the help of the concepts articulated by these authors that Habermas attempts to reveal “the validity basis of language”, presenting a specific linguistic normativity which is characterised by a basic emancipatory dimension., and Michala Lysoňková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

4. Nástin Sadovy politické filosofie

Creator:
Josef Fulka
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Filozofie, filozofie, philosophy, political philosophy, emancipation, enlightenment, Marquis de Sade, 5, and 101
Language:
Czech
Description:
In this study I devote my attention to the significance of the work of the Marquis de Sade in the field of political philosophy. The first part focuses on the definition of the basic principles of de Sade’s politically-orientated reflexion, examining above all the theory of the moral and affective solitude of the human being, and, derived from this, the relativism of all moral judgement. In the second part I indicate - primarily on the basis of the text Yet Another Effort, Frenchman, If You Would Become Republicans - the consequences that flow for human society from these basic postulates: the impossibility of making a social contract and the arbitrary division between sovereign individuals and victims. In the concluding part of the text I attempt to show the extent to which de Sade’s thought is relevant from a certain kind of contemporary political philosophy: I concentrate here on Balibar’s conception of “the inconvertibility of violence”; on Ogilvie’s concept of “man as a write-off”, and also on the concept of bio-power as it is formulated by Michel Foucault in The History of Sexuality, and later by Giorgio Agamben in Homo sacer., Josef Fulka., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Příroda jako rukojmí modernity. Potíže s hledáním možností neantropocentrické emancipace

Creator:
Reichelová, Tereza
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Teresa Brennan, Murray Bookchin, Brenton Tarrant, Alain de Benoist, ecofascism, ecosocialism, environmentalism, and emancipation
Language:
Czech
Description:
By the time liberals triumphantly proclaimed the end of history, some environmentalists had already begun to mobilize the public against Western modernity by proclaiming the end of nature. For many people, the environmentalist agenda meant a new ideology that could replace classical ideologies; many, on the other hand, understood environmentalism as radically anti-ideological. In this text, I will focus on the relationship between nature and society that lies in the core of both environmental thought and modern emancipatory projects. I will try to expose the inherent contradictions that environmental discourse inherited from liberalism and Marxism.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public