Geographic isolation, altitude, climate, landscape and habitat are significant predictors of butterfly diversity in mountain ecosystems. Their diversity and its dependence on altitude, aspect (compass bearing) and biogeographic characteristics of the butterflies were surveyed on the karst mountain Biokovo in southern Croatia. The results affirm that there is a high diversity of butterflies in the study area and the species composition and biogeographic elements are more dependent on altitude than aspect of the mountain. The present study indicates that climate, relief and habitat preferences strongly influence the biogeographic features of species and the relationship between species richness per site and altitude, aspect and the altitude-aspect interaction. and Iva Mihoci, Vladimir Hršak, Mladen Kučinić, Vlatka Mičetić Stanković, Antun Delić, Nikola Tvrtković.
Up to now, Czech linguistics generally assumed that the so called secondary imperfective verbs (SI) can only be used if the primary imperfective verb (PI) and the SI of the same root have different meaning. Thus, the SI svařovat (S-vař-ova-t (to boil; -vař- being the root, s- the prefix and -ova- and -t the suffixes) is used because the PI vařit (vař-i-t (to cook) has a different meaning. Contrary to that, uvařovat (*U-vař-ova-t) is not used because its meaning would be the same as in the basic PI vařit. Only a few exceptions to this rule were assumed to exist. However, the corpus findings show that this assumption was false. There are at least 160 SI derived from the basic PI in current standard written Czech language which are synonymous to the PI. This article concentrates on SI derivations with the prefix VY- and presents empirical data which enable us to postulate the synonymy of PI and SI with some 70 verb pairs.
The semantic aspectuality of the German present participle (participle I) is not mentioned in Grammars of German, and in specialized studies it is taken for granted that the aspect of this sort of verbal derivative (e. g. besuchende ''visiting'') is only imperfective. In Štícha (2009) it is shown that the German attributive participle I can also be used and interpreted in the meaning of the Slavic perfective aspect. In this article, a special attention is paid to the aspectual meaning of the modal usage of the present participle with the free syntactic morpheme zu (zu besuchende ''to be visited''). Examples of sentences containing this sort of modal attribute are selected from the corpus material (Corpus W - all free accessible corpora - of the Institute for the German Language in Mannheim, Germany) to show that the modal participle must be interpreted as perfective in most of its sentence usages. Some elementary statistics are added to strengthen the arguments. and Vidový význam německého modálního participia I v německých gramatikách není zmiňován a ve speciální literatuře se předpokládá, že tento druh verbálního derivátu (např. besuchende - navštěvující/navštívící) má význam imperfektiva. Ve Štícha (2009) bylo ukázáno, že atributivní participium I bývá v němčině užíváno a chápáno také ve významu slovanského perfektiva. V tomto článku se speciálně zabýváme vidovým významem modálně užívaného participia I s volným syntaktickým morfémem zu (zu besuchende - ''mající být navštíven''). Na korpusovém materiálu (prohledáván byl Korpus W - všechny veřejně přístupné korpusy - mannheimského Ústavu pro německý jazyk) se ukazuje, že ve většině případů modálního užití participia I s zu jde o význam perfektivní. Na podporu teoretických argumentů je připojeno několik elementárních statistik.