It is often supposed that linguistic, conceptual and, perhaps, other kinds of intuitions are one of the most important tools used to test theories in analytical philosophy. On this view, intuitions thought to be rich enough to be applicable to all the data the philosopher has used in formulating and testing her theory; but specific enough to enable one to choose between competing theories; and transparent enough to be clearly relevant for the theory. In the light of certain examples from epistemology and philosophy of language, it is claimed here that these requirements are not met. Consequently, evaluation of philosophical theories on the basis of intuitions leads to unreliable and problematic results., Marián Zouhar., and Obsahuje poznámky a bibliografii
Cieľom state je navrhnúť systematickú a vyčerpávajúcu klasifikáciu definícií. Táto klasifikácia vychádza z typológie, ktorú vypracoval Richard Robinson vo svojej knihe o definíciách, no v rôznych aspektoch ju ďalej dopracováva. Nová klasifikácia je založená na dvoch kritériách, a to kritériu predmetnosti a kritériu ilokučnej sily. Podľa kritéria predmetnosti možno definovať výrazy, pojmy, resp. objekty (v širokom zmysle); podľa kritéria ilokučnej sily možno zase rozlíšiť definície, ktoré opisujú existujúci systém, a definície, ktoré transformujú daný systém na nový systém. Napokon sa podľa týchto dvoch kritérií vyhodnocujú niektoré známe druhy definícií., The aim of the paper is proposing a classification of definitions that would be both systematic and exhaustive. The classification is built on the one developed by Richard Robinson in his book on definitions; Robinson’s classification is, however, further elaborated here in certain respects. The new classification is based on two criteria, namely the criterion of aboutness and the criterion of illocutionary force. According to the former, one may define either expressions or concepts or objects (broadly conceived); according to the latter, one may distinguish the definitions describing an existing system and the definitions transforming a system into a new one. Finally, certain well-known kinds of definitions are assessed with respect to the two criteria., and Marián Zouhar.