The declared aim of enlightened administrative reforms was to provide security and aid the whole population, i.e., all social classes. Executive powers of the newly introduced police institutions covered - and defined - the whole public sphere and measures such as census or obligation to have a passport applied, at least in theory, to persons from all walks of life. This article examines how and to what extent were these ambitions applied in practice and whether these measures had an equalising effect on the society. The author concludes that unequal, in this case preferential, administrative treatment of especially the aristocracy was still widespread at the beginning of the nineteenth century. On the one hand, persons of a higher social status - who often held public offices - were supposed to embody the new civil virtues and set an example. On the other hand, however, it was feared that any public punishment or police treatment of such persons would undermine public authority and social order in general., Pavel Himl., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This paper examines the personal interventions of the empress in the reform process. Maria Theresa intervened in this process in various ways. First of all, she was able to supervise it directly through her signing of official documents, to which she would add instructions for their enactment to the court authorities or to particular countries of her realm. She also tried to make sure that competent individuals were appointed to the administrative apparatus responsible for implementing and supervising the reforms, irrespective of their social estate - though in this she was only partly successful. In addition, she kept her civil servants in check by requiring them to file regular reports. Finally, by calling for fiscal economies she had a hand in controlling public expenditure., Zbyněk Sviták., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Autori sa v príspevku venujú problematike dvoch významných princípov uplatňovaných pri výstavbe systému orgánov štátnej správy v procese reformy miestnej štátnej správy, ktorá v Slovenskej republike v súčasnosti prebieha. Ide o princíp územný a princíp rezortný. Autori pritom neopomínajú ani ďalšie princípy výstavby organizačnej základne štátnej správy,predovšetkým princíp koncentrácie, ktorý je v procese spomenutej reformy obzvlášť badateľný. Jadrom príspevku je konfrontácia teoretickej podstaty oboch diskutovaných princípov s charakteristickými črtami reformy miestnej štátnej správy na Slovensku. and Authors deal in their article with two substantial principles applied in construction the system of state administration bodies in process of reforming the local state administration, which is actually in Slovak Republic in progress. The territorial principle and the departmental principle are concerned.Authors do not leave out of consideration other principles applied in construction the system of state administration bodies, mainly concentration principle, which in process of the above mentioned reform appears to be especially marked. Core of the article is constituted by confrontation between theoretical substance of both discussed principles and characteristic features of reform in local state administration in Slovak Republic.