This article examines the thoughts of Ali Abd al-Raziq, an important Egyptian scholar and author of a book called Islam and the Bases of Rule (al-Islam wa Usul al-Hukm), published in 1925. In this work, Abd al-Raziq presented fundamental arguments in support of the separation of religion and politics, which were fully supported by a very original analysis of Islam's holy text, the Quran, as well as by the historical situation of the Muslim community at the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Although the publication of this book caused a great scandal in Egypt, with its author being forced to withdraw from Egyptian public life for quite a long period of time, the arguments contained in the book represent an important contribution to the debates about the desirable degree of linkage between Islam and politics in the Muslim world., Jan Kondrys., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Autoři považují antiklerikalismus za významnou součást evropských modernizačních procesů, zaměřených proti církvi a jejím institucím. Sledují jeho charakter a proměny od poloviny 19. století do konce první třetiny století dvacátého v habsburské monarchii a první Československé republice, a to s ohledem na rozdíly a specifika v různém ideovém a sociálním prostředí, ve městě a na venkově a také v českých krajanských komunitách ve Spojených státech. Jejich monografie podle recenzenta umožňuje vnímat český, protikatolicky zaměřený antiklerikalismus v evropském kontextu jako mnohovrstevnatý fenomén, který významně ovlivnil dobovou společnost a politiku. Pro komplexní uchopení tématu, inspirativní otázky, široký rozsah pramenů i literatury a kompaktnost výkladu ji rozhodně doporučuje zájemcům o dějiny českého myšlení i politiky v 19. a 20. století., The authors view anti-clericalism as an important part of European modernization processes aimed at the church and its institutions, They monitor its character and transformations since the mid-1880s until the end ot the first third of the 20th century in the Hapsburg Empire and the first Czechoslovak Republic, taking into account differences and specific features in various social and ideological environments, in towns and in the country, and also in Czech compatriot communities in the United States. According to the reviewer, their monograph Czech Anti-Clericalism: Sources, Topics and Forms of Czech Anti-Clericalism from 1848 to 1938 permits perceiving the Czech anti-Catholic anti-clericalism in the European context as a multi-layered phenomenon which had a significant impact on the society and politics of that period. Because of its comprehensive grasp of the topic, inspiring questions it asks, its broad selection of sources and publications it draws from, as well the compact explanations it provides, the book is definitely recommended to all who are interested in the history of the Czech thinking and politics in the 19th and 20th centuries., [autor recenze] Marek Šmíd., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
In the early 1990s, the Polish city of Przemyśl became known for the tensions existing between Roman Catholic Poles and Greek Catholic Ukrainians. These tensions derived from the indivisible links between nationalism, religion, and politics in southeast Poland. This article analyses how they are tied up in political rituals. The first two rites analysed commemorate the sufferings during the war, and by politicising collective memory they strengthen the sense of mutual antagonism between religious-national groups. The author's key argument is that given the important role religious identification plays in the individual's relationship to the nation, religion is becoming a crucial factor in any form of political change. The author also presents an example of reconciliation and how it is applied to collective memory on the basis of a multinational tradition in a third political ritual. In this case two religious-national groups share a 'multicultural' heritage, derived from their understanding of sharing a common tradition, from the majority's acceptance of the minority, and from the religious experience of reconciliation. Political change in either direction, that is, whether amidst the mobilisation of differences or the promotion of tolerant co-existence, proceeds through rituals, symbolic gestures, and narratives, in which religion and religious experts occupy a dominant or at least secondary role, and this has an effect on how tolerant a society emerges in the region.