The authors analyze social changes within the family in western countries during the transformation towards modern individualized society. They based their statement on the theory of Ulrich Beck and Elisabeth Beck Gernsheim and further on the theory of François de Singly. In accord with these theorists the authors of the article define individualization as a process continuously proceeding for many centuries. Among the consequences the authors place growing of differences between individuals, preference of individual interests to collective ones but foremost the growing possibility for free choice and decision. The authors discuss the growing of uncertainty as the negative aspect of individualism, too. The process of individualization is irreversible and because of the ambiguity between autonomy and the fact that we are living in community, voluntary love partnerships become of crucial importance as the main pattern of social relationship in contemporary societies.
Data on divorces are gathered by the Czech Statistical Office and thus widely accessible and well known, but much less information is available about the stability of unmarried cohabitations. This paper focuses on the differences between marriage and unmarried cohabitations in terms of their stability. The authors study the impact of various factors on the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations taking into account the different socio -demographic indicators. To explain this phenomenon they use various theoretical approaches emphasizing different factors of partnership instability (from socializing factors to premarital cohabitation, values, education and gender, to factors based on the theory of rational choice). The analysis identified factors that operate in the same manner within both marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. children in the partnership, experience with the previous partnership break-ups) as well as factors that play a different role in the stability of marriages and unmarried cohabitations (e.g. education, duration of partnership, generation). The paper is based on quantitative data from the survey ‘Life-course 2010’, which included 4010 respondents. The authors used the event history approach in their analysis which enabled them to track the dependences of the variables in time., Marta Vohlídalová, Hana Maříková., 1 graf, 1 tabulka, Poznámky na str. 14-15 (14), Biografické poznámky o autorkách článku na str. 15, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Resumé o klíčová slova anglicky na str. 3
istorically speaking divorce is a relatively recent phenomenon. Divorce has become more important over the last century and has undoubtedly had an impact on the social reproduction strategies typically linked to marriage. In this paper use is made of the concept of Assortative Mating to explore if initial and subsequent marriage partner choices differ on the basis of heterogamy. This research question is formulated in terms of two contrasting hypotheses: (1) the learning and (2) the marriage market hypotheses (Gelissen 2004). These two perspectives form the basis of the theoretical framework used in the empirical analyses reported. Here logistic and linear regression and log-linear modelling techniques are used. The data used to test the learning and marriage market hypotheses contains information on all officially recorded marriages in the Czech Republic over a ten year period (1994-2004) gathered by the Czech Statistical Office. The results presented reveal that divorce changes the socially reproductive aspects of marriage choice strategies, and these changes vary systematically on the basis of gender. Whereas first and subsequent marriage choices are very similar for men, repeated marriage choices for women are on the whole more diverse. A number of explanations explaining this gender based difference are presented. These explanations centre on dissimilarities in the context of repeated choices for men and women., Petr Fučík., 5 grafů, 2 tabulky, Obsahuje bibliografii, and Anglické resumé
Wedding announcements constitute a specific source for the study of social history. Their beginning can be dated, in the Czech Lands, to the first half of the 19th century. The present study focuses on the analysis of the engaged couples, their origin, social standing, nationality and religion. As a basis for the research served the collection of wedding announcements preserved in the Municipal Museum of Mnichovo Hradiště; specifically analyzed were announcements from the years 1897-1918., Lenka Procházková., and Obsahuje odkazy pod čarou
The present study describes the history of the parish of Libčany in the years 1785-1914 from the perspective of historical demography and cultural history. Eleven villages located in East Bohemia near to the town Hradec Králové in the fertile region formed this parish. Their inhabitants worked mostly in agriculture and handicraft industry. The aim of this study is to give a summary of the development of nuptiality. The dates are based on records from parish registers of wedding. By processing was used the method of anonymous aggregative excerption. Results were compared with situation in the Czech Lands., Alexandra Šikulová., and Obsahuje bibliografii