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4. Does exogenous melatonin influence the free radicals metabolism and pain sensation in rat?

Creator:
Pekárková, I., Parara, S., Václav Holeček, Stopka, P., Ladislav Trefil, Jaroslav Racek, and Richard Rokyta
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, melatonin, oxidační stres, bolest, stres (fyziologie), volné radikály, oxidative stress, pain, stress (physiology), free radicals, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Melatonin has been shown to play a role in antioxidative defence. We therefore studied its effect on oxidative damage to the rat cerebral cortex evoked by painful stimulation and immobilization-induced stress. Moreover, the effect of melatonin on chronic pain perception was examined. Rats were injected with either a high dose of melatonin (100 mg/kg i.p.) or a vehicle for five days and were subjected to painful stimulation or immobilization stress 30 min after the treatment. To determine the degree of oxidative stress, the levels of free radicals, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as indicators of lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were estimated in somatosensory cortex. Pain perception was measured by the tail-flick and plantar test. Melatonin reduced the level of TBARS previously increased by painful stimulation. Melatonin also exhibited a slight analgesic effect in those animals exposed to painful stimulation but its role in free radical scavenging did not contribute to this effect., I. Pekárková, S. Parara, V. Holeček, P. Stopka, L. Trefil, J. Racek, R. Rokyta., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Electrophysiological identification of tonic and phasic neurons in sensory dorsal root ganglion and their distinct implications inflammatory pain

Creator:
Yu, Y.-Q., Chen, X.-F., Yang, Y., Yang, F., and Chen, J.
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, bolest, pain, action potential, dorsal root ganglion, tonic neuron, phasic neuron, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
In the mammalian autonomic nervous system, tonic and phasic neurons can be differentiated on firing patterns in response to long depolarizing current pulse. However, the similar firing patterns in the somatic primary sensory neurons and their functional significance are not well investigated. Here, we identified two types of neurons innervating somatic sensory in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Tonic neurons fire action potentials (APs) in an intensity-dependent manner, whereas phasic neurons typically generate only one AP firing at the onset of stimulation regardless of intensity. Combining retrograde labeling of somatic DRG neurons with fluorescent tracer DiI, we further find that these neurons demonstrate distinct changes under inflammatory pain states induced by complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) or bee venom toxin melittin. In tonic neurons, CFA and melittin treatments significantly decrease rheobase and AP durations (depolarization and repolarization), enhance amplitudes of overshoot and afterhyperpolarization (AHP), and increase the number of evoked action potentials. In phasic neurons, however, the same inflammation treatments cause fewer changes in these electrophysiological parameters except for the increased overshoot and decreased AP durations. In the present study, we find that tonic neurons are more hyperexcitable than phasic neurons after peripheral noxious inflammatory stimulation. The results indicate the distinct contributions of two types of DRG neurons in inflammatory pain., Y.-Q. Yu, X.-F. Chen, Y. Yang, F. Yang, J. Chen., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

8. Increased gene expression and production of spinal cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 during experimental osteoarthritis pain

Creator:
Michaela Procházková, Peter Zanvit, Tomáš Doležal, Ludmila Prokešová, and Miloslav Kršiak
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, bolest, artritida, cyklooxygenáza 2, mícha, pain, arthritis, cyclooxygenase 2, spinal cord, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Knowledge on the involvement of spinal COX-1 and COX-2 in pain due to osteoarthritis could be useful for better understanding of its pa thogenesis and therapy. In this study we have investigated a long-term pattern of expression and production of spinal COX-1 and COX-2 in the model of osteoarthritis induced in rats by injection of monoiodoacetate (MIA) into the knee joint. MIA injection produced thermal hyperalgesia (assessed by the plantar test) and tactile allodynia (measured with von Frey hairs). The pain measures reached maximum on the 5th day, then re mained relatively stable. The expression of spinal COX-2 mR NA reached maximum on day 5 (5.2 times; P<0.001) and remain ed increased until day 31 (4.9 times; P<0.001). Expression of spinal COX-1 mRNA increased gradually reaching maximum on the day 31 (4.5 times; P<0.001) when the relative expression of both genes was almost equal. The production of both proteins was almost similar at the beginning of the experiment. The highest production of COX-2 protein was observed on day 5 after the induction of osteoarthritis (increased 3.9 times). The levels of COX-1 protein increased gradually with maximum on day 31 (3.4 times). The present findings indicate that not only expression of COX-2 mRNA but also that of COX-1 mRNA is significantly increased in the spine during osteoarthritis pain. Thus, in contrast to inflammatory pain, the upregulation of spinal COX-1 may be important in osteoarthritis pain., M. Procházková, P. Zanvit, T. Doležal, L. Prokešová, M. Kršiak., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

9. Jak odškodňovat nemateriální újmy na zdraví? Principy a východiska

Creator:
Doležal, Tomáš
Format:
electronic, electronic resource, and remote
Type:
model:article, article, Text, and TEXT
Subject:
kompenzace a odškodnění, zákonodárství jako téma, bolest, občanská práva, and lidé
Language:
Czech and English
Description:
Tento článek se pokouší nastínit některé základní principy pro odškodňování újem na zdraví. Na základě historického a komparativního pohledu pak zkoumá přístupy k odškodňování těchto újem a poukazuje na podstatné aspekty jejich odškodňování . Následně se článek pokouší optikou těchto základních principů hodnotit současnou právní úpravu., The paper considers the main principles of the compensation of damages for non-pecuniary loss especially in the cases of personal injury from historical and comparative perspective. In the light of these principles the paper focus on the current czech legal situation in personal injury comensation cases and evaluates advantages and disadvantages of the new regulation set by Civil Code., Tomáš Doležal, and Literatura
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

10. OPRM1 and ABCB1 polymorphisms and their effect on postoperative pain relief with piritramide

Creator:
Bartošová, O., Ondřej Polanecký, František Perlík, Svatopluk Adámek, and Ondřej Slanař
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie, polymorfismus, bolest, polymorphism, pain, OPRM1, ABCB1, piritramide, single nucleotide polymorphism, acute pain, patient-controlled analgesia, 14, and 612
Language:
English
Description:
Genetic factors may contribute to the differential response to opioids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between polymorphisms of μ1-opioid receptor gene OPRM1 (rs1799971), and P-glycoprotein transporter gene ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs2032582), and piritramide efficacy under postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). In 51 patients, OPRM1 variant was associated with decreased efficacy in early postoperative period evidenced by sum of pain intensity difference in the 0-6 h postoperative period (SPID0-6), (F=3.27, p=0.029). Mean (SD) SPID0-6 was observed in the 118AA genotype 22.9 (6.1) mm, which was significantly higher from the 118GG genotype 10.0 (4.4) mm, p=0.006. The lowest cumulative dose was recorded in 118AA genotype 19.1 (9.8) mg, which was significantly less than in the 118GG genotype group 36.6 (6.1) mg, p=0.017. Opioid-induced adverse effects were observed in 11, 30, and 100 % of patients in 118AA, 118AG, and 118GG genotype groups, respectively (p<0.05). Piritramide efficacy and safety was not significantly affected by ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs2032582) polymorphisms. Variant OPRM1 118G allele is associated with decreased acute postoperative pain relief after piritramide. Decreased efficacy leads to higher drug consumption under PCA settings, which however, does not fully compensate insufficient pain relief, but increases incidence of adverse effects., O. Bartošová, O. Polanecký, F. Perlík, S. Adámek, O. Slanař., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public