Základem sebeuvědomění Slovanů byl jejich jazyk. Dějiny Slovanů jsou proto do velké míry dějinami jejich jazyka. Studie sleduje etnogenezi Slovanů do 6. století. Jejich expanze západním a jižním směrem trvala čtyři staletí a Slované v jejím průběhu projevili velkou asimilační schopnost. Je proto možné, že jejich výchozí domovinou bylo malé území. Právní formou asimilace byl tzv. vrv (šňůra) jako symbolicko-sociální fenomén. Příklad vsi Police ve Slovinsku ukazuje, že pro pochopení slovanské etnogeneze je třeba propojit tři interpretační modely: autochtonní, alochtonní a kulturně asimilační. and A foundation of self-understanding of the Slavs was their language. Therefore, the history of the Slavs is to a large extent the history of their language. The article describes their ethnogenezis up to the 6th century. Their expansion to the west and south lasted 400 years, they had a lot of assimilative power. Therefore, it is possible that their homeland was originally a small territory. Juridical form of the assimilation of foreigners was a so-called vrv (rope) as a symbolic-social phenomenon. An example of village Police (Slovenia) suggests that to understand the ethnogenesis of the Slavs a synthesis of three interpretative models – autochthonous, allochthonous, cultural assimilation – is needed.
The paper deals with the activities of the writer Božena Němcová in Slovakia in the years 1851-1855. She visited Slovakia four times in this period (three times she visited her husband who worked here in civil service, her last stay was intended as a cure, while most of the time Němcová devoted to ethnographic research). All her stays resulted in contributions based on active observation, ethnographic and folkloristic research, consultations with a number of Slovak intellectuals dealing with both humanities and natural sciences. The results of the individual stays differ both in form and quality. They proceed from journalistic „causerie“ towards serious attempts of monographic elaboration of natural background, history, demography, sociological, ethnographical and gen-der facts of a given region. The contribution to folkloristic is outstanding. The writer used Slovak inspirations also in her fiction. Thanks to her activities, Bože-na Němcová belongs to the history of Slovak ethnology.
Flagellin (flg22) induces rapid and long-lasting defence responses. It may also affect the photosynthetic activity depending on several internal and external factors, such as the phytohormone ethylene or the day/night time. Based on the results, flg22 treatment, neither in the light phase nor in the evening, caused any significant change in chlorophyll fluorescence induction parameters in the leaves of wild-type and ethylene-receptor mutant Never ripe tomato plants measured the next morning. However, flg22 in the light phase decreased the effective quantum yield and the photochemical quenching both locally and systemically in guard cells. In parallel, the production of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide increased, which contributed to the stomatal closure and a decrease in CO2 assimilation the next day. A decrease in sugar content and elevated hexokinase activity measured after flg22 exposure can also contribute to local defence responses in intact tomato plants.