In the last decade the health of young people in Ukraine as well as in many other countries of the world significantly deteriorated according to the results of screening tests. Because of this the main task of prophylactic medicine is development and introduction of new methods of early diagnostics of diseases. The aim of the work to assess the peculiarities of adaptation of students with different types of vegetative regulation. Material and methods: 415 second year students of Lugansk State Medical University were tested. The mechanisms of physiological functions of the body regulation were assessed by registration of cardiac rhythm variability (CRV). Analysis of CRV was performed by three methods: statistical, geometrical, and spectral analysis. The express method proposed by Shlyk, N.I. (2009) was later used to determine the prevailing type of vegetative regulation. To assess adaptability the method of R.M. Baevskij (1979) was used. Results: In the result of investigation 4 types of functional states of regulatory systems were determined: I type 295 (71 %) of tested, II in 14 (3 %), III in 96 (23 %) and IV only in 10 (2%). I type of functional state of regulatory systems in the wakeful state at rest was characterized by moderate prevalence of central regulation of heart rhythm (MPCR), decreased activity of autonomic regulation. It was noticed that some of the parameters of CRV (like RR, SDNN, RMSSD and pNN50) which characterize autonomic regulation, were statistically lowere (р≤0.01) compared to type III, and some (like AMo and SI) higher, in both female and male students. Summarized spectrum capacity and components of its wave structure (HF, LF, VLF) which characterize central regulation were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.01) for the I type of regulation compared to the III one which is characterized by moderate prevalence of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm. In female students with type I autonomic regulation compared to male students such CRV parameters as RR and AМo were statistically significantly lower (р≤0.05), while the parameters of total potency (TP) and high frequency waves (HF) were higher (р≤0.05), which could point to more centralized heart rhythm regulation in male compared to female. The evaluation of regulatory systems overstress allowed to determine the state of adaptation and risk of overstress or breakdown in students with different types of autonomic regulation. Conclusions: Thus, evaluation of adaptation state in students with different types of autonomic regulation allows to characterize the current functional state and uncover the risk of disease development., Tatiana Tananakina, Natalya Lila, Anzhelika Ivasenko, Dmitrij Bolgov, Svetlana Mavrich, Yuliya Modna, and Literatura
Psychosociální faktory významně participují na patogenezi komplexních chorob. Jejich působení na mnoha úrovních organismu koresponduje s bio-psycho-sociálním konceptem zdraví a nemoci. Mozek, chování a imunita jsou úzce propojeny a reagují na environmentální kontext. Účinky chronického psychosociálního stresu popisuje model alostatické zátěže, jenž ozřejmuje dynamičnost nastavení biologických procesů a význam mozku pro zpětnovazebnou regulaci v adaptaci na prostředí. Osobnost jedince, jeho kognitivní a emoční charakteristiky, kvalita sociálních vztahů a socioekonomické faktory modifikují stresovou zátěž a mají přímý i nepřímý vliv na zdraví. Řada účinků psychosociálních faktorů je zprostředkována epigeneticky; v období raného vývoje tento mechanismus formuje vulnerabilitu vůči rozvoji patologií souvisejících se stresem. Psychické, genetické, behaviorální a environmentální vlivy spolu průběžně interagují. Nepřímé účinky psychosociálních faktorů spočívají v modifikaci chování a životního stylu. Toto působení je obousměrné, neboť životní styl zpětně ovlivňuje psychické a fyzické zdraví. Přístupy, zaměřené na podporu odolnosti vůči stresu, mají důležité místo v prevenci., Psychosocial factors significantly participate in the pathogenesis of complex diseases. Their effects correspond to the bio-psycho-social concept of health and disease on many levels. Brain functions, behaviour and immunity are closely linked and responsive to the environmental context. The effects of chronic psychosocial stress are described by the allostatic load model which highlights dynamic adjustment of biological processes and the importance of the brain for feedback regulation in adapting to the environment. The personality of an individual, his cognitive and emotional characteristics, quality of social relationships and socioeconomic factors modify stress load and have a direct and indirect impact on health. Many of the effects of psychosocial factors are mediated epigenetically. In the early development epigenetic mechanisms form the vulnerability to stress-related pathologies. Psychological, genetic, behavioural and environmental factors continuously interact. The indirect effects of psychosocial factors are contained in the modification of behaviour and lifestyle. These effects are bidirectional, because lifestyle in turn has an impact on mental and physical health. Approaches aimed at promoting resilience to stress play an important role in prevention., Šárka Kunzová, Drahoslava Hrubá, Pavel Řimák, Ondřej Sochor, and Literatura