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2. Effects of Wolbachia-targeted tetracycline on a host-parasitoid-symbiont interaction
- Creator:
- Puttaraju, Hosagavi P. and Prahash, Bandekodigenahalli M.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Wolbachia, Exorista sorbillans, Tachinidae, Bombyx mori, tetracycline, fecundity, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and commercial characters
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The uzifly, Exorista sorbillans (Diptera: Tachinidae), a parasite of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae), causes heavy losses to the silk industry. This parasitoid harbours a Wolbachia endosymbiont, which controls the fly's reproduction. In the present study a method for curtailing this notorious pest by administering Wolbachia-targeted tetracycline via its silkworm host's diet is investigated. Tetracycline not only influenced the larval growth of the silkworms' by decreasing larval duration, increased silk production and fecundity, without affecting hatchability, it also decreased the reproductive fitness of the uzifly endoparasite by killing the Wolbachia. The antibiotic exerts a beneficial influence by affecting the intestinal flora of silkworm larvae. On the other hand the reproductive fitness of uzifly was greatly reduced in terms of different reproductive abnormalities. When male and female flies that emerged from treated host silkworms were crossed and males from untreated hosts and females from treated hosts were crossed, approximately 72% and 97% of the eggs failed to hatch, respectively. However, of the eggs from crosses between male and female flies that emerged from untreated hosts and between males from treated hosts with females from untreated hosts, an average of 30% failed to hatch and the Wolbachia infection enhanced the fecundity of uziflies. These results demonstrate that the Wolbachia may be essential for uzifly reproduction and that Wolbachia-targeted antibiotics have a beneficial influence on silkworm growth while decreasing the reproductive fitness of the uzifly, E. sorbillans.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Endosymbiont-free ants: molecular biological evidence that neither Wolbachia, Cardinium or any other bacterial endosymbionts play a role in thelytokous parthenogenesis in the harvester ant species, Messor barbarus and M. capitatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
- Creator:
- Martínez-Rodríguez, Paloma, Sarasa, Jonás, Peco, Gegona, Jauregui, Berta M., Rivera, Desiree, and Bella, Jose L.
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Wolbachia, Cardinium, Spiroplasma, endosymbionts, Formicidae, Messor, thelytokous parthenogenesis, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Thelytokous parthenogenesis is a type of sex determination in which females are produced from unfertilized eggs. Genetic and endosymbiont-induced forms of thelytoky have been described in the Hymenoptera. Our study has revealed that Wolbachia, Cardinium, Spiroplasma and other endosymbionts are probably absent in Iberian populations of harvester ants, Messor barbarus and Messor capitatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae) and are thus not involved as factors in the sex determination of these two species. Our results lend weight to previous suggestions that bacterial parthenogenesis induction in Hymenoptera is probably limited to the reproductive systems of chalcidoid and cynipoid parasitoid wasps (Hymenoptera: Apocrita: Chalcidoidea and Cynipoidea, respectively)., Paloma Martínez-Rodríguez ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Life-history of the parthenogenetic oonopid spider, Triaeris stenaspis (Araneae: Oonopidae)
- Creator:
- Korenko, Stanislav , Šmerda, Jakub , and Pekár, Stano
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Araneae, Oonopidae, Triaeris stenaspis, ontogeny, life cycle, development, fecundity, parthenogenesis, endosymbionts, Wolbachia, and Cardinium
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Selected life-history traits of an oonopid spider, Triaeris stenaspis Simon, which has been introduced into greenhouses in Europe, were investigated. Spiders were reared in the laboratory under constant physical and dietary conditions, and followed from egg to death. The spiders passed through 3 juvenile instars, each lasting approximately a month. The adult stage lasted on average 6 months, which is 54% of the entire life cycle. The mortality in each juvenile instar was similar. Five morphological characters were recorded for each instar, which provided a reliable means of identifying the developmental stages. All spiders developed into females and although kept isolated they laid fertile eggs, which indicates thelytokous parthenogenesis. Eggs were always enclosed in a disc-shaped egg-sac, each containing 2 eggs. Total fecundity was on average 27 eggs and rate of laying eggs decreased with age. Fecundity was positively correlated with adult longevity. Fertility was rather low, approximately 59%. It was negatively correlated with fecundity but not related to longevity. Low fertility appears to be the only cost of parthenogenetic reproduction. There was considerable genotypic variation in all traits studied compared to that in sexually reproducing spiders. There were no apparent maternal effects on all the traits studied. Using molecular methods proved that parthenogenesis in T. stenaspis is not induced by the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia sp. or Cardinium sp.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Preliminary evidence of the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between Crioceris leaf beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and their Asparagus host plants
- Creator:
- Kolasa, Michał, Montagna, Matteo, Mereghetti, Valeria, Daniel Kubisz, Mazur, Miłosz A., and Kajtoch, Łukasz
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, mandelinkovití, chřest, molekulární ekologie, beetles, Chrysomelidae, asparagus, molecular ecology, Alpha-Proteobacteria, Wolbachia, Crioceris, Coleoptera, horizontal transmission, Multilocus Sequence Typing, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (α-Proteobacteria) are the most widespread endosymbionts of insects. Host infection is usually associated with alterations in reproduction, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility, the induction of parthenogenesis and offspring sex ratio bias: all phenomena that may influence host speciation. In the present study, by using well-established molecular tools, we investigated the presence of Wolbachia in leaf beetles of the genus Crioceris and their host plants, which are various species of Asparagus. Multilocus sequence typing of bacterial genes showed that despite their occurrence in the same habitat and feeding on the same plant, two species of Crioceris, C. quinquepunctata and C. quatuordecimpunctata, are infected by two different strains of Wolbachia. C. asparagi, C. paracenthesis and C. duodecimpunctata, which are sympatric with the infected species, do not harbour the bacterium. Interestingly, DNA of Wolbachia was detected in host plant tissues that are exploited by the beetles, providing evidence for the horizontal transmission of the bacterium between beetles and their host plants. Moreover, Wolbachia was detected in species of Crioceris that are not closely related., Michał Kolasa, Matteo Montagna, Valeria Mereghetti, Daniel Kubisz, Miłosz A. Mazur, Łukasz Kajtoch., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Wolbachia infection in Trissolcus species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
- Creator:
- Guz, Nurper, Kocak, Erhan, Akpinar, A. Emre, Gurkan, M. Oktay, and Kilinger, A. Neset
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, zoologie, entomologie, Hymenoptera, Scelionidae, Wolbachia, Trissolcus, sunn pest, biological control, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted intracellular symbiont which causes reproductive distortions in the arthropods it infects. In recent years there has been an increasing interest in using Wolbachia as a potential tool for biological control by genetic manipulation of insect pests. In the present paper we report Wolbachia infection in several Trissolcus wasps (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) which are important egg parasitoids of the sunn pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Heteroptera: Scutellaridae). We used DNA sequence data for a gene encoding a surface protein of Wolbachia (wsp) not only to confirm Wolbachia infection but also to discriminate Wolbachia strains. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Wolbachia strains in Trissolcus species were closely related to one another and belonged to supergroup B. Determination of the infection status of various populations, the possible role of Wolbachia in causing the incompatibility and knowledge of the reproductive compatibility of Trissolcus populations is important for the success of parasitoids in sunn pest management., Nurper Guz ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Wolbachia injection from usual to naive host in Drosophila simulans (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
- Creator:
- Poinsot, Denis and Mercot, Herve
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Drosophila simulans, Drosophilidae, endosymbiosis, Wolbachia, trans-injection, cytoplasmic incompatibility, and coevolution
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Wolbachia pipientis (Hertig) (Rickettsiaceae) is an endocellular bacterium infecting numerous species of arthropods. The bacterium is harboured by males and females but is only transmitted maternally because spermatocytes shed their Wolbachia during maturation. The presence of this endosymbiont can lead to feminisation of the host, parthenogenesis, male-killing or reproductive incompatibility called cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI). Although Wolbachia transmission is exclusively maternal, phylogenetic evidence indicates that very rare inter-species transmission events have taken place. Horizontal transmission is possible in the laboratory by transferring cytoplasm from infected to uninfected eggs. Using this technique, we have artificially infected lines of the fruit fly Drosophila simulans Sturtevant (Drosophilidae). Recipient lines came from two different D. simulans populations. One ("naive" host) is not infected in the wild. The other ("usual" host) is a population naturally carrying Wolbachia in the wild. In this second case, recipient flies used in the experiment came from a stock culture that had been cured off its infection beforehand by an antibiotic treatment. Infected D. simulans laboratory stocks were used as donors. We assessed the three following parameters: (i) trans-infection success rate (ratio of infected over total female zygote having survived the injection), (ii) level of cytoplasmic incompatibility expressed by trans-infected males three generations post-trans-infection, and (iii) infection loss rate over time in trans-infected lines (percentage of lines having lost the infection after 20 to 40 generations). We observed that parameter (i) did not differ significantly whether the recipient line came from a "naive" or a "usual" host population. However, both (ii) and (iii) were significantly higher in the "naive" trans-infected stock, which is in agreement with earlier theoretical considerations.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public