Search

Start Over Subject Patologie. Klinická medicína Type články

42. Neurovascular compression: sympathetic activity in severe arterial hypertension

Creator:
Miroslav Solař, Jiří Ceral, Jan Žižka, and Pavel Eliáš
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, vnitřní lékařství, arteriální hypertenze, magnetická rezonanční tomografie, internal medicine, arterial hypertension, magnetic resonance tomography, neurovaskulární komprese, neurovascular compression, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Compression of the rostral ventrolateral medulla oblongata (RVLM) by an abnormally located artery is regarded as one possible cause of arterial hypertension. There exists a limited set of data suggesting that increased sympathetic activity in patients with RVLM compression may lead to arterial hypertension. Accordingly, we decided to assess the sympathetic activity in patients with severe arterial hy pertension and to investigate any correlation with the presence of RVLM compression. Sixty-four patients with severe arterial hypertension were enrolled in our study. Sympathetic activity was evaluated using 24-hour urinary norepinephrine as measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The presence of RVLM compression was assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Neurovascular compression of the RVLM was identified in 40 patients, 27 of whom presented left-sided compression. Twenty-four hour urinary norepinephrine averaged 263.6± 135.9 nmol in patients with neurovascular compression - 255.6±137.3 nmol in those with left-sided compression and 251.6±138.5 nmol in patients without RVLM compression. We did not identify any increase in urinary norepinephrine in patients with severe arterial hypertension and neurovascular compression of the RVLM. Our results do not support the hypothesis that neurovascular compression of RVLM may exhibit a sympathetically mediated increase in blood pressure., M. Solař ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

43. New clearance evaluation method for hepatological diagnostics

Creator:
Josef A. Tichý, Miloslav Loučka, Trefný, Z. M., Markéta Hojerová, Jiří Svačinka, Müller, J., and Michaela Friedrichová
Format:
print
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, fyziologie, farmakokinetika, nelineární regresní modely, physiology, pharmacokinetics, nonlinear regression models, steatofibrosis hepatis (SFH), indocyanin green, two-compartment model, non-linear regression analysis, clearance value, T-index, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Pulse dye densitometry (PDD) enables the evaluation of hemodynamic state as well as liver function. A repeated examination, even after a short pause (or under stress condition), enables to follow safely the dynamics of liver pathology. From presented parameters we have evaluated as reliable the C5-clearance, an expression of equilibrium state in the two compartment liver system. Furthermore, T-index expresses ratio of C5 value to cardiac output, it is a sensitive indicator of the blood pole, i.e. sinusoidal uptake, which is in very good correlation with staging of hepatopathies. The isolated h constant in correlation to T-index is valuable For functional grading. The Japanese automatic analyzer of indocyanine green (ICG) dilution and elimination curves, after incorporation of a two compartment mathematical mode l, becomes more useful for complex hepatological diagnostics. Non-invasive PDD is becoming of uppermost importance to clinic al interest, yielding comparable results as other complicated and invasive examinations and may be, therefore, repeated in short time intervals for different indications with minimal stress of examined patient., J. A. Tichý ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

44. Ontogenetic development of cardiac tolerance to oxygen deprivation - possible mechanisms

Creator:
Bohuslav Ošťádal, Ivana Ošťádalová, František Kolář, Zuzana Charvátová, and Ivan Netuka
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, kardiologie, hypoxie, ischemie, ontogeneze, cardiology, hypoxia, ischemia, ontogeny, odolnost srdce, ochrana srdce, cardiac tolerance, cardiac protection, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Our present focus on the hypoxic immature heart is driven by clinical urgency: cyanotic congenital cardiac malformations remain the single largest cause of mortality from congenital defects and ischemic heart disease is no more the disease of the fifth and older decades but its origin as well as risk factors are present already during early ontogeny. Moreover, the number of adult patients operated for cyanotic congenital heart disease during infancy steadily increases. This group approaches the age of the rising risk of serious cardiovascular diseases, particularly ischemic heart disease. Experimental results have clearly shown that the immature heart is significantly more tolerant to oxygen deficiency than the adult myocardium. However, the mechanisms of this difference have not yet been satisfactorily clarified; they are likely the result of developmental changes in cardiac energy metabolism, including mitochondrial function. The high resistance of the newborn heart cannot be further increased by ischemic preconditioning or adaptation to chronic hypoxia; these protective mechanisms appear only with decreasing tolerance during development. Resistance of the adult myocardium to acute oxygen deprivation may be significantly influenced by perinatal hypoxia. These results suggest that the developmental approach offers new possibilities in the studies of pathogenesis, prevention and therapy of critical cardiovascular diseases., B. Ošťádal ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

47. Positive effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans and antioxidants on the regeneration of osteochondral defects in the knee joint

Creator:
Milan Handl, Evžen Amler, Bräun, K., Holzheu, J., Tomáš Trč, Imhoff, A. B., Lytvynets, A., Elena Filová, Hana Kolářová, Arnošt Kotyk, and Václav Martínek
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, experimentální medicína, chrupavka, experimental medicine, cartilage, glycosaminoglycans, oral supplementation, osteochondral lesion, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
The effect of oral supplementation with glycosaminoglycans (GAG) and radical scavengers (vitamin E/selenium) on the regeneration of osteochondral defects was investigated in rabbits. After introduction of defined osteochondral defects in the knee joint, groups of ten animals were given a GAG/vitamin E/selenium mixture or a placebo (milk sugar) for 6 weeks. Following sacrifice, histological and histochemical analysis was performed. The amount of synovial fluid was increased in the placebo group, while the viscosity of the synovial fluid was significantly enhanced in the GAG group. The amount of sulfated GAG in the osteochondral regenerates (8.8±3.6 % vs. 6.0±5.6 %; p<0.03) was significantly higher in the GAG group. In both groups, the GAG amount in the cartilage of the operated knee was significantly higher than in the non-involved knee (p<0.05). Histological analysis of the regenerates in the GAG group was superior in comparison with the placebo group. For the first time, a biological effect following oral supplementation with GAG was demonstrated in healing of osteochondral defects in vivo. These findings support the known positive clinical results., M. Handl, E. Amler, K. Bräun, J. Holzheu, T. Trč, A. B. Imhoff, A. Lytvynets, E. Filová, H. Kolářová, A. Kotyk, V. Martínek., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

48. Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat - a model of polygenic hypercholesterolemia

Creator:
Jan Kovář, Zbyněk Tonar, Marie Heczková, and Rudolf Poledne
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, klinické lékařství, potkan, hypercholesterolémie, genetika, metabolismus cholesterolu, clinical medicine, Rattus norvegicus, hypercholesterolemia, genetics, cholesterol metabolism, 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemic (PHHC) rat – rat strain crossbred from Wistar rats – is a model of hypercholesterolemia induced by dietary cholesterol. Importantly, no bile salts and/or antithyroid drugs need to be added to the diet together with cholesterol to induce hypercholesterolemia. PHHC rats have only modestly increased cholesterolemia when fed a standard chow and develop hypercholesterolem ia exceeding 5 mmol/l on 2 % cholesterol diet. Most of the cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic PHHC rats is found in VLDL that become enriched with cholesterol (VLDL-C/VLDL-TG ratio > 1.0). Concurrently, both IDL and LDL concentrations rise without any increase in HDL. PHHC rats do not markedly differ from Wistar rats in the activities of enzymes involved in intravascular remodelation of lipoproteins (lipoprotein and hepatic lipases and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase), LDL catabolism, cholesterol turnover rate and absorption of dietary cholesterol. The feeding rats with cholesterol diet results in development of fatty liver in spite of suppression of cholesterol synthesis. However, even though cholesterolemia in PHHC rats is comparable to human hypercholesterolemia, the PHHC rats do not develop atherosclerosis even after 6 months on 2 % cholesterol diet. Importantly, the crossbreeding experiments documented that hypercholesterolemia of PHHC rats is polygenic. To identify the genes that may be involved in pathogenesis of hypercholesterolemia in this strain, the studies of microarray gene expression in the liver of PHHC rats are currently in progress., J. Kovář ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

50. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and proform eosinophilic major basic protein in the detection of different types of coronary artery disease

Creator:
Petr Hájek, Milan Macek, Magdaléna Hladíková, Běla Houbová, David Alan, Václav Durdil, Jiří Fiedler, Martin Malý, Petr Ošťádal, Josef Veselka, and Alice Krebsová
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
article, články, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Patologie. Klinická medicína, kardiologie, věnčité tepny, troponiny, ateroskleróza, cardiology, coronary arteries, troponins, atherosclerosis, PAPP-A/proMBP, PAPP-A/proMBP (pregnancy-associated plasma protein A), 14, and 616
Language:
English
Description:
Kryptor system was proven to be a rapid, standard method for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A and proform eosinophilic major basic protein (PAPP-A/proMBP) complex detection in coronary artery disease (CAD). No age and/or gender differences in 51 controls and 110 stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) patients were found. SCAD patients did not differ from controls and no difference in PAPP-A/proMBP levels with regards to the number of affected vessels was found. In 21 unstable angina pectoris (UAP), in 35 without and 66 with ST elevation acute myocardial infarctions (NSTEMI, STEMI respectively) patients PAPP-A/proMBP levels were increased (P=0.004 and P<0.0005, respectively). PAPP-A/proMBP levels did not correlate with cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in STEMI and NSTEMI patients. PAPP-A/ proMBP increase was more frequent than cTnI (P=0.036) within the early phase of STEMI. In NSTEMI patients PAPP-A/proMBP positivity was present in 50 % of cTnI negative cases. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed the highest diagnostic accuracy of PAPP-A/proMBP (0.919) in STEMI cTnI positive cases. The highest specificity/sensitivity PAPP-A/proMBP levels for particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS) types were 10.65-14.75 mIU/l. Combination of PAPP-A/proMBP with cTnI increases their diagnostic efficacy within the early phase of ACS. Our results suggest that PAPP-A/proMBP complex is involved in processes preceding vulnerable plaque development in ACS., P. Hájek, M. Macek, M. Hladíková, B. Houbová, D. Alan, V. Durdil, J. Fiedler, M. Malý, P. Ošťádal, J. Veselka,A. Krebsová., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public