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2. A synthesis of feeding habits and reproduction rhythm in Italian seed-feeding ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- Creator:
- Talarico, Federica, Giglio, Anita, Pizzolotto, Roberto, and Brandmayr, Pietro
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, brouci, střevlíkovití, beetles, ground beetles, Coleoptera, Carabidae, food choice, omnivorous, granivorous ground beetles, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Many species of carabid beetles are important pre- and post-dispersal seed feeders of herbaceous plants. Here we summarise data from dissections, field observations, rearing and "cafeteria" experiments on 55 granivorous and 188 omnivorous species that occur in Italy. We tested the hypothesis that seed feeding carabids are restricted to taxa with pronounced morphological adaptations for manipulating and crushing seeds in both the larval and adult stages. The feeding guilds of carabids were rearranged into the following groups: (i) strict predators with long mandibles and predaceous larvae, often depending also on non-prey food; (ii) omnivorous species with stout mandibles and larvae of a seed-eating morphotype; (iii) granivorous species, feeding only on seeds with larvae sometimes of the scarabeoid c-form type. The seed feeding carabids in the Italian fauna belong to the tribe Zabrini (Amara and Zabrus genera) and to all the Harpalinae (sub)tribes, from Anisodactylini to Ditomina. The time of reproduction seems to be associated with habitat preference; wetland or dry open land, rather than true granivorous versus omnivorous habits, but in stenophagous seed feeders, a phenological coincidence with particular plants is sometimes recorded., Federica Talarico, Anita Giglio, Roberto Pizzolotto, Pietro Brandmayr., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Abundance and species richness of overwintering ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are higher in the edge than in the centre of a woodlot
- Creator:
- Roume, Anthony, Ouin, Annie, Raison, Laurent, and Deconchat, Marc
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, beneficial arthropods, Coleoptera, Carabidae, hibernation, emergence trap, woodlot, boundary, edge, logging, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Semi-natural habitats are key components of rural landscapes because they shelter a significant number of overwintering arthropods that are beneficial to agriculture. However, woodlots are semi-natural habitats with high patch-level heterogeneity and this aspect has been poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of woodlot heterogeneity on overwintering ground beetles. Woodlot heterogeneity was characterized in terms of distance from the woodlot boundary and date of the most recent logging operation. We used emergence traps to quantify the population density of ground beetles that overwintered in the different parts of the woodlot. In woodlot edges the densities and species richness of ground beetles were significantly higher than in the rest of the woodlot. Ground beetles that are active in crop fields overwintered in the edges but not in the inner zone of the woodlot. Species assemblages of ground beetles overwintering in the edges were highly diverse. The date of the most recent logging operation did not explain the distribution of ground beetles that overwintered in the woodlot. Our results show that woodlots, and in particular their edges, are used as a winter shelter by ground beetles that spend part of their life in crops, which potentially favours biological control in adjacent crop fields. and Anthony Roume, Annie Ouin, Laurent Raison, Marc Deconchat.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
4. Application of ubiquitin SSCP analysis in taxonomic studies within the subgenus Orinocarabus (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Carabus)
- Creator:
- Sedlmair, Dieter, Gerstmeier, Roland, and Einspanier, Ralf
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Carabidae, Carabus, Orinocarabus, taxonomy, ubiquitin, SSCP, and DNA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- SSCP (single-strand conformation polymorphism) analyses of ubiquitin genes were used to investigate evolutionary relationships within the subgenus Orinocarabus of the genus Carabus. After SSCP electrophoresis of PCR-amplified ubiquitin copies, population-specific band patterns were obtained. Ubiquitin-SSCP-analyses of the six central European Orinocarabus species, including three subspecies and thirteen populations, resulted in a dendrogram that differed from that based on morphology. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) did not support the SSCP dendrogram, but was in good accordance with the taxonomy based on morphological characters. The reason for the discrepancies seems to be evolutionary conservation of the ubiquitin genes. The time that elapsed since the evolution of the closely related Orinocarabus species is too short for concerted evolution of the ubiquitin genes.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Arthropod distribution on an alpine elevational gradient: the relationship with preferred temperature and cold tolerance
- Creator:
- Buse, Alan, Hadley, David, and Sparks, Tim
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Preferred temperature, optimal temperature, supercooling point, altitude gradient, mountain, Coleoptera, Byrrhidae, Carabidae, Elateridae, and Opiliones
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The distribution of arthropod species on a 400 m elevational gradient (equivalent to a temperature decrease of 2.5°C) on Snowdon, North Wales, was examined and compared with the British distribution. Preferred temperature, an indication of optimal body temperature (Tb), and supercooling point (SCP), an indication of cold tolerance, of several species on the gradient were determined experimentally. The alpine beetle species Patrobus assimilis and Nebria rufescens had low preferred Tb, of 5.6 and 7.1°C respectively, whereas the more widespread upland species had higher preferred Tb, between 12.9 and 15.5°C. The SCP of both alpine and widespread beetles were similar, being between -6.9 and -5.8°C. The alpine species, which were smaller, were freeze intolerant, whereas the widespread species, which were larger, were freeze tolerant. On the national scale there was significant correlation between preferred Tb and species elevation, but no correlation with SCP. It is concluded that the alpine species survive on Snowdon because their optimal Tb is close to the ambient temperature at the time of day and year when they are active and because they are able to tolerate winter temperatures, by a combination of cold tolerance and shelter. Although a species' optimal niche will tend to shift upwards as mean temperatures rise with global climatic change, complex microclimatic and biotic factors make changes in distribution difficult to predict.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
6. Assembly rules for ground beetle communities: What determines community structure, environmental factors or competition?
- Creator:
- Shibuya, Sonomi, Kubota, Kohei, Ohsawa, Masahiko, and Kikvidze, Zaal
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Carabidae, ground beetles, community structure, assembly rules, environmental factors, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Species assembly in ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) communities in local microhabitats was studied in a forest. The following questions were addressed: are there important filters that sort the species in the assemblages? If so, what is the specific nature of these filters? In order to address these questions rarefaction analysis was used to determine whether ground beetle species are distributed non-randomly. Next, the nature of filters was determined by analyzing (1) the community matrix and searching for the consequences of competitive exclusion and (2) species-environmental relations. Rarefaction analysis revealed that the species composition is filtered: species richness was less than expected and there were fewer than expected congeneric species coexisting at high beetle population densities. However, community matrix and body size analyses did not detect significant competition among the beetle species and the matrix was significantly nested. Species-environmental analyses indicated that the ground beetle assembly was strongly linked to ground vegetation. It is concluded that spatial distribution of ground beetles across local communities in this forest habitat is determined more by local environmental conditions than competition, and ground beetles do not interact strongly among themselves so that competitive effects do not play an important role in their distribution except at high beetle population densities. and Sonomi Shibuya, Kohei Kubota, Masahiko Ohsawa, Zaal Kikvidze.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Burial-induced changes in the seed preferences of carabid beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- Creator:
- Saska, Pavel, Honěk, Alois, Foffová, Hana, and Martinková, Zdenka
- Format:
- počítač and online zdroj
- Type:
- model:article and TEXT
- Subject:
- Coleoptera, Carabidae, food preferences, granivory, seed consumption, seed burial, and weeds
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Seeds of many species of plants may survive for a long time in the soil and germinate when brought to the surface, but whether they are subsequently eaten by seed predators is unknown. We examined the preferences of three species of carabids (Coleoptera: Carabidae) for 25 species of seeds and determined the difference in palatability between freshly dispersed and those buried for six years. The stability of their preferences was tested using a collection of seeds of different species, each of which was offered fresh or after being buried. Carabid beetles readily accepted previously buried seeds as food. In total, Pseudoophonus rufi pes and Amara littorea ate more fresh seeds than previously buried seeds, while the opposite was true for Harpalus affi nis. The seeds of some species were even more attractive to carabids after burial than in the fresh state. For all the species of carabids tested, the diet breadth was similar when the beetles were fed fresh or buried seeds, but the preferences for fresh and buried seed of particular species were correlated only in P. rufi pes and A. littorea. We measured the seed characteristics (mass and viability) likely to be associated with the loss of attractiveness to carabids during burial. The change in carabid consumption was not related to changes in any of these characteristics. This fi nding indicates that factors responsible for variation in seed acceptability are complex. This study provides the fi rst conclusive evidence that invertebrate seed predators will feed on seeds from seed banks, although they prefer fresh seeds.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
8. Carabid beetle assemblages associated with urban golf courses in the greater Helsinki area
- Creator:
- Saarikivi, Jarmo, Laura, Venn, Stephen, Niemelä, Jari, and Kotze, Johan D.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Carabidae, ground beetles, anthropogenic habitats, conservation, species assemblage, biodiversity, and Helsinki area
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Golf is a popular sport, with increasingly large areas of urban and peri-urban land being designated for golf course development. Yet, more than half of the land area of a typical golf course is considered rough and out-of-play areas that can, if managed appropriately, provide habitats for wildlife. Using pitfall traps, 6944 carabid beetles belonging to 72 species were collected from five urban golf courses and three areas designated for golf course development around the city of Helsinki, Finland in 2007. The courses were rich in carabid species and distinct in their species assemblages. Golf courses were dominated by habitat generalists, species capable of flight and medium to large-sized species. The three courses with areas designated for further golf course development showed that the assemblages of beetles associated with these golf courses have retained many elements from the pre-existing habitats. The oldest golf course is characterised by a more evenly distributed and diverse carabid beetle assemblage, probably due to its higher habitat heterogeneity and longer successional development. However, even this golf course is dominated by generalist species, implying that golf courses may not provide suitable habitats for specialists. It is assumed that the high species richness of golf courses is attributed to the high habitat diversity of these environments, ranging from the strongly human-modified to more natural patches, which provide habitats for many generalist and open-habitat species. Golf courses may, however, with the appropriate management of out-of-play areas provide an opportunity for conserving biodiversity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
9. Consumption of fresh and buried seed by ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
- Creator:
- Martinková, Zdenka, Saska, Pavel, and Honěk, Alois
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Seed predation, soil seed bank, preference, Carabidae, Harpalus affinis, Pseudoophonus rufipes, and weed
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Ground beetles (Carabidae: Coleoptera) are predators of the seed of herbaceous plants scattered on the ground, but prefer that of certain species. Foraging beetles encounter both freshly dispersed and seed exhumed from the soil bank. The predation on seed from the soil bank has never been studied and the effect of burial on seed acceptability is unknown. The preferences of two generalist granivorous carabids, Harpalus affinis and Pseudoophonus rufipes, were investigated by offering them fresh (stored frozen after dispersal) and buried (for 6 months in the soil under field conditions) seed of six common weed species. Significantly more of the buried seed of Tripleurospermum inodorum and significantly less of that of Taraxacum officinale was eaten than fresh seed. For four other weed species the consumption of both kinds of seed did not differ. The preferences were similar in both species of carabid. The change in preference probably occurred because the seed of T. officinale was partially decayed and the repellent surface of T. inodorum seed abraded. Provided the seed in the soil bank does not decay it may have a similar or better food value for carabids than fresh seed.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
10. Description of larvae of Aepopsis robini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
- Creator:
- Grebennikov, Vasily V. and Luff, Martin L.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Larvae, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechini, Aepopsis, morphology, taxonomy, and systematics
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- First and third instar larvae of Aepopsis robini (Laboulbène, 1849) are studied, redescribed, and illustrated. The larvae are characterised by three unique and likely autapomorphic character states within known members of the supertribe Trechitae: (1) apex of antennomere 4 has only one conical sensillun 1; (2) setae FR10 and FR11 on frontale are removed basally on dorsal surface from the apical margin; (3) terga of meso- and metathorax lack pore MEa, and abdominal terga 1-8 lack pore TEa.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
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