Three year monitoring of micro-displacements on four tectonic fracture planes in a tunnel driven by a milling cutter into granitoids of Bohemian Massif revealed micro-movements that develop in certain trends and impulses. Two investigated fractures are of the Krušné Hory Mts. orientation (NE - SW), other two of Sudeten orientation (NW - SE). These have been found the two prevailing fracture orientations in the massif. Results from all the four fractures indicate trends in overfaulting of southern blocks over the northern ones and a stress state model characteristic of approximate N-S compression with overthrust vergence to N. Besides, some impulses were indicated with abrupt occurrence that dominates the development of movements. The first most significant impulse occurred by the end of the year 2004, the second one at the break of 2005/6. The coincidence of the impulses with earthquake events is discussed., Josef Stemberk and Blahoslav Košťák., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Analysis of benchmark height changes along national 1st order precise levelling lines crossing the Middle Odra Fault Zone in the Wroclaw area has been presented in this paper. The zone separates Fore-Sudetic Block from the Fore-Sudetic Monocline and is one of the main geological structures in Lower Silesia. Five national precise levelling lines cross the research area: Ząbkowice Śląskie - Wrocław, Syców - Wrocław, Karczów - Wrocław, Kawice - Wrocław oraz Krotoszyn - Wrocław. These levelling lines were measured in 1956-58, 1975-80 and 1999. Changes of benchmark heights have been presented in comparison with geological cross-sections made along the levelling lines. In the result, areas of the greatest relative vertical displacements correlated with geology and tectonics have been found., Piotr Grzempowski, Janusz Badura, Stefan Cacoń and Bogusław Przybylski., and Obsahuje bibliografii
To investigate recent crustal movements between northern and southern parts of Moravo-Silesian region of the Bohemian Massif and to find their relation to movements of structure blocks of Moldanubicum, it was decided to establish a regional geodynamic network HIGHLANDS. Seven sites for monitoring GPS signals were built with respect of geological and geophysical materials in the southern area of the Českomoravská vysočina Highlands. So far two epoch 48-hours GPS measurements have been performed in 2005 and 2006 with Ashtech receivers and antennas. GPS monitored data were processed by the Bernese software v. 5.0. The rather preliminary site movements were assessed and discussed from the viewpoint of recent geodynamic motions., Zdeňka Schenková, Vladimír Schenk, František Mantlík and Milada Grácová., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
In the article the results of registering seismic events located under mining coal seam are presented. Such mining tremors have occurred in several Polish mines. The geological and mining conditions affecting the induction of that type of seismic events are shown. The mechanisms of deep seismic events (more than 1000m) triggered by mining are discussed in relation to regional geology. The most deep mining seismic events in Upper Silesia were related to regional geological structures focusing stress (e.g. syncline) or tectonic structures (younger faults), where mining stresses were only additional factor to trigger strong regional seismic events. The tremors were characterized by a shear mechanism in the source (double-couple forces). Tremors located directly under the performed operation, usually characterized by an uniaxial tension mechanism, associated with the regional tension axis and the space created during the operation of the coal seam, causing pushing loaded rock-mass into new gobs. Proposed methods of seismic monitoring for case of seismic events location under mining coal seam are discussed., Grzegorz Mutke., and Obsahuje bibliografii
A reliability of site movement assessments determined from GPS data monitored during eight two-day epoch measurements on the regional geodynamic EAST SUDETEN network (the Bohemian Massif, Central Europe) is discussed in details. Statistical tests of site positions processed by the BERNESE GPS software, their linear approximations for site movement velocity assessments and an establishment of probabilistic thresholds for reliability of the GPS data for regional geodynamic studies are delivered. The thresholds define necessary observation periods for annual epoch measurements performed on the networks with aim to obtain reliable movement estimates for geodynamic studies., Vladimír Schenk, Zdeňka Schenková, Jaroslaw Bosy and Bernard Kontny., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The application of the double-difference ( DD) algorithm to the relocation of induced seismic events from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin is discussed. The method has been enhanced by combining it with the Monte Carlo sampling technique in order to evaluate relocation errors. Results of both synthetic tests and relocation of real events are shown. They are compared with estimates of the classical single-event (SE) appr oach obtained through the Monte Carlo sampling of the a posteriori probability. On the basis of this comparis on we have concluded that the double-difference approach yields better estimates of depth than the classical location technique., Łukasz Rudziński and Wojciech Dębski., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Copper flotation waste which is the product pyrometalurgical production of copper from copper ores contains materials such as iron, alumina, calcium oxide, silica, etc. Copper flotation waste generally contains a significant amount of Cu together with trace elements of other toxic metals such as Zn, Co and Pb. A variety of techniques can be used for decontaminating and remediating copper slag. Environmental reme diation technologies include in situ or ex situ techniques for decontaminating the polluted fields, such as soil-washing, physical separation, phytoremediation and leaching. The aim of the present study is to investigate the removal of the copper from copper flotation waste leachant using sepiolite. 2 3 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of three factors which are contact time, adsorbent dosage and pH at two levels., Semra Çoruh, Feza Geyikçi and Ufuk Çoruh., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
This paper presents results of the research on tectonic activity of the marginal sudetic fault (MSF). Velocities of points obtained from processing GPS observations in the GEOSUD network and results of national precise leveling networks have been analysed. Results of 1996-2005 GPS measurements and results of measurements of selected points for the 2006-2007 period were taken considered. The velocities calculated by means of the Bernese GPS Software 5.0 were used to test hypothesis on present-day strike-slip movement activity of the marginal sudetic fault. The relationship between the calculated velocities and the length of projection onto the fault’s line was studied. The second part contains analysis of relative vertical velocities of benchmarks, making up the 1st and the 2nd class national precise leveling lines crossing the fault line, to study its vertical activity. Velocities of horizontal and vertical changes of points on both sides of the fault were compared with models described in literature., Jan Kapłon and Stefan Cacoń., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The motion of Earth’s spin axis in space is monitored by Very Long-Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), and since 1994 also its rate is measured by Global Positioning System (GPS). From the direct analysis of the combined VLBI/GPS solution in the interval 1994.3-2004.6 we recently found that the apparent period of the Retrograde Free Core Nutation (RFCN) grew from original 435 days to 460 days during the past ten years, but the resonance effects yielded a stable period of about 430 days. Now we repeat the same study with VLBI-only data, covering much longer interval (1982.4 - 2005.6). Direct analysis shows again a substantial increase of the apparent period during the last decade or so. The resonant period is given by internal structure of the Earth (mainly by the flattening of the core), so it is highly improbable that it is so much variable. From the same observations we derive corrections of certain nutation terms. A subsequent study of indirect determination of resonance RFCN period from the observed forced nutation terms through the resonance effects proves that the natural resonance period remains stable and is equal to 430.32±0.07 solar days. From this follows that an excitation by outer layers of the Earth (atmospheric, oceanic) should exist, with a terrestrial frequency close to that of RFCN (of about -1.0050 cycles per solar day, i.e. with period of -23h53m mean solar time), invoking the apparent changes of the directly observed RFCN period. Thanks to a close proximity of the resonance, any excitation with this period is extremely amplified so that the excitation necessary to explain the difference can be very small. The atmosphere alone contains enough power to excite the observed changes., Jan Vondrák and Cyril Ron., and Obsahuje bibliografii
The results of geodetic GNSS measurements on the EYPA station (bult by INSU CNRS from France) in Corinth Gulf in Greece are analyzed. Data is analyzed in the time interval before and after the earthquakes, which occured in January 2010. Results confirm vertical and horizontal co-seismic shifts of EYPA station of the order of 4 cm and 1 cm., Jan Kostelecký and Jan Douša., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy