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12. Katarský komentář k Otčenáši ve Florentském obřadním spise

Creator:
Zbíral, David
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
Ci-dessus est proposée la première traduction tchèque d'un extrait du Rituel cathare latin (Firenze, Biblioteca nazionale, fonds Conventi soppressi, ms. I.II.44) – la glose sur le Pater, couvrant les pp. 196-216 de l'édition de Christine Thouzellier (Rituel cathare: Introduction, texte critique, traduction et notes, Paris, Le Cerf, 1977), qui a servi de base pour la traduction. Le texte est précédé d'une brève introduction à propos du Rituel latin dans son ensemble et dans le contexte des deux autres Rituels cathares.
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14. Mýtus, biblická exegeze a teologie v katarském křesťanství

Creator:
Zbíral, David
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Catharism, biblical exegesis, theology, myth, legend, rationalization of myth, and Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article summarizes previous debates on the relationship between myth, biblical exegesis and theology in Catharism, and studies the different configurations of these forms of thinking in all extant Cathar texts. In the mid-20th century, the relationship was discussed mostly as a question of the origin and nature of Catharism, understood either as a continuation of Gnostic or Manichean mythology within medieval Europe, or Christian evangelical reformism based primarily on the Scripture. However, myth, biblical exegesis, and theology need not be seen as mutually exclusive, and the interpretation of larger Christian culture now acknowledges the important part myth plays in biblical exegesis and theology. In Cathar Christianity, the relationship of these forms shifts during the 13th century, just as in the larger family of 13th-century Western Christianity it belongs to, but still these forms neither contradict each other nor does one replace the other. Today the question is not which of these forms was earlier or more important in Cathar Christianity but how different extant texts interpret and enrich previous thought using these forms inherited from the wider Christian tradition.
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17. Niquintova listina a historiografie katarství v 17. století

Creator:
Zbíral, David
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
La soi-disante "Charte de Niquinta", publiéé en 1660 par l'historien Guillaume Besse, est un des enjeux capitaux de la recherche contemporaine sur la dissidence dite "cathare". Dans L'histoire du catharisme en discussion (dir. M. Zerner), Monique Zerner propose d'y voir un faux du XVIͤ ou XVIIͤ siècle. Si cette interprétation était la bonne, elle serait tout près de renverser l'image de la dissidence méridonale au XIIͤ siècle (pour le moins). -- L'édition du document d'après la photocopie du manuscrit Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds Baluze 7, fol. 42ͮ-40ͮ et sa traduction en tchèque sont suivies d'une discussion à propos de l'hypothèse avancée par M. Zerner. Divers arguments mènent à la rejeter, entre autres : (1) l'image de la dissidence dans la "Charte"; (2) les neuf ligatures spéciales de et dans Baluze 7, mal lues par Besse comme quod dans la plupart (c'est manifestement trop artificieux pour un faussaire du XVIIͤ siècle) ; (3) la disproportion entre la motivation du faussaire prétendu et le résultat : un historien du XVIIͤ siècle aurait bien pu forger un faux sur les cathares, mais pas la "Charte de Niquinta" telle qu'elle nous est connue (cf. surtout la liste des "diviseurs") ; (4) la cooccurrence des noms de Pierre Isarn et Pierre Pollan. -- Loin d'apporter des preuves concluantes contre la rédaction de la "Charte Niquinta de" au XIIIͤ siècle par Isarn et Pollan, L'histoire du catharisme en discussion n'en reste pas moins un ouvrage très inspirateur.
Rights:
unknown

18. Niquintova listina a vyprávění o počátcích katarských církví v Itálii a jihozápadní Francii

Creator:
Zbíral, David
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
Plutôt qu'un faux du XVIͤ ou XVIIͤ siècle, la "Charte de Niquinta" est un récit des commencements rédigé au XIIIͤ siècle. Si nous écartons l'hypothèse d'un faux catholique des années 1220, qui se heurte à l'ensemble du document, il reste, semble-t-il, quatre hypothèses principales sur la rédaction du document : (1) un récit historique en substance; (2) un faux de Pierre Isarn et/ou Pierre Pollan destiné à soutenir les intérêts de l'église cathare du Carcassès; (3) un récit historique à propos du rassemblement à Saint-Félix, auquel Pierre Isarn et/ou Pierre Pollan ont collé un acte de bornage forgé; (4) un acte de bornage authentique, dressé lors d'un petit rassemblement de portée locale, inséré dans un récit mythique influencé par les légendes sur les origines des églises cathares d'Italie, dont nous connaissons, de toute évidence, des versions remaniées par les polémistes grâce au De heresi catharorum et au Tractatus de hereticis (cf. les personnages de Papa Niquinta et de Marc). C'est cette dernière possibilité qui semble la mieux soutenable.
Rights:
unknown

19. Nové poznatky o původu okcitánského katarského kodexu z Lyonu a tzv. "Lyonského řádu"

Creator:
Zbíral, David and Brenon, Anne
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Ritual of Lyon, Lyon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. PA 36, Peter Autier, Catharism, Cathars, manuscript, Occitan Bible, medieval vernacular translations of the Bible, New Testament, manuscript Bibles, portable Bibles, pocket Bibles, and Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article reconsiders the origin of the codex Lyon, Bibliothèque municipale, ms. PA 36 (also known under the shelf-mark fonds Adamoli, ms. A.I.54), containing an Occitan translation of the New Testament and a Cathar text known as the Ritual of Lyon. Despite scrutinizing the manuscript since the mid-nineteenth century, scholars have fallen short of suggesting convincing arguments concerning its genesis. Building upon earlier linguistic findings and considering internal as well as external evidence, we argue that the codex as well as the Ritual of Lyon are connected with a spirited early-fourteenth-century attempt at restoring Cathar Christianity in Languedoc, headed by Peter Autier. The Ritual of Lyon was clearly produced in a context very similar to the one in which Peter Autier and his companions operated. In contrast with the older Ritual of Florence, it presupposes permanent itinerancy and institutionalises the extension of ritual competences from the ordained ministers to the "elder one" and even to ordinary "good men". Besides such general convergences, there are five quite distinctive parallels connecting the Ritual of Lyon with the circle of Peter Autier: two very specific rules of conduct, one regarding money found when travelling, and the other, a snared animal; a distinctive distributive use of the Occitan word "be" (the good); the insistence on using a tablecloth during the consolamentum; and the use of the word covenesa (i.e. convenensa) in the context of the consolamentum, unknown outside the circle of Peter Autier. These connections indicate that the codex of Lyon is one of those portable Bibles that we know were used by Peter Autier and his companions.
Rights:
unknown

20. Osobní religiozita, náboženství a členství : případ Armanna "Pungilupa" z Ferrary

Creator:
Zbíral, David
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Armanno Pungilupo, Ferrara, inquisition, inquisitional records, individual religiosity, representations, emotions, practices, concept of religion, concept of membership, and Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
Armanno, nicknamed Pungilupo, from Ferrara, Italy, was considered a religiously active person during his life. After his death in 1269, he became venerated as a saint in the cathedral of Ferrara. However, the inquisitors knew that they had received his confession and abjuration in the matter of heresy in 1254 and they had serious suspicions that his heretical contacts had continued even after his abjuration. They gathered a significant body of evidence against him. The canons of Ferrara cathedral reacted and struggled to defend Armanno's reputation as a holy man. There are several sources on Armanno – among others, detailed notarial testimonies from both parties: on Armanno's "heretical" statements and practices, on his miracles, on his going to confession and communion. The sources can be read in more than one way. In this paper I attempt to reconstruct Armanno's individual religiosity (his representations, emotions, and practices) and I confront the results with the concept of religion understood in the Durkheimian way, i.e. as a system of representations and practices where affiliation is understood as membership. I conclude that Armanno's religiosity was non-doctrinal, practical, indefinite, and anchored in particular situations. Indeed, some of his practices clash with others or with some of his beliefs, and they do not respect the borderlines between religious communities (Cathar vs. Catholic). Armanno's religiosity was not at all systematic and contrasts deeply with the usual concepts of religion and membership.
Rights:
unknown