Based on the reading of preserved fragments, the author deals with the question whether Lucilius wrote verses belonging to the genre of satire. According to the quantity of fragments (approximately 1,300) and the rare preservation of complete verses, the author suggests dividing the fragments into several groups. The author tried to find a literary criterion which takes into account the features typical of the genre of satire and is also understandable to contemporary readers. The presence of criticism has been chosen as such a criterion which, in the author's opinion, has been found along with satire from its beginnings to the present. It is one of the most typical features of satire. In the second part of the paper, the author presents a group of chosen satirical fragments which is divided according to the focus of the criticism.
Publikace se zabývá satirou jako svébytným žánrem římské literatury. Vymezuje satiru v rámci diachronního vývoje žánru a zasazuje ji do kontextu, uvádí její zvláštnosti a specifické problémy, na něž se při jejím zkoumání opětovně naráží. Na základě analýzy a srovnání děl kanonických autorů římské satiry (Lucilia, Horatia, Persia a Iuvenala) určuje, jaké rysy má dílo mít, aby bylo možné označit ho za satiru. Zmiňuje také antické literární formy, které jsou dávány do souvislosti se satirou. ,This publication deals with satire as a fully-fledged genre of Latin literature. Satire is defined according to the diachronic development of the genre, the genre is put into the context and its peculiarities and problems that frequently occur during the research of satire are presented. Based on the analysis and comparison of the works written by the canonical writers of Roman satire (Lucilius, Horace, Persius and Juvenal), there are determined the features which the work has to contain to be considered satire. The literary forms of the precedent period which are put into context with satire are also mentioned.