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2. Demography of adults of the Marsh fritillary butterfly, Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in the Czech Republic: Patterns across sites and seasons
- Creator:
- Kamil Zimmermann, Blažková, Pavla, Čížek, Oldřich, Frič, Zdeněk, Hůla, Vladimír, Kepka, Pavel, Novotný, David, Slámová, Irena, and Martin Konvička
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Česko, Czechia, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Euphydryas aurinia, Marsh fritillary, butterfly conservation, demography, density dependence, grasslands, local dynamics, metapopulation, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- The Marsh fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) has declined across Europe, including the Czech Republic. Current conservation strategies rely on prevention of habitat loss and degradation, and increase in habitat quality and connectivity via promoting traditional grassland management. The population structure and adult demography parameters of a single population was investigated for eight years (single system), and of all the known Czech populations (multiple populations) for a single year, using mark-recapture. There was substantial variation in the patterns of adult demography, both among years in the single system and among the multiple populations in a single year. In the single system, the date of the first flight of an adult varied by 18 days over the 8 years and total annual numbers varied with a coefficient of variation of 0.40 (females fluctuating more than males). The average density was ca 80 adults/ha. The population size displayed density-dependence, i.e. decreased following years with high adult numbers, with an equilibrium density of 90 individuals/ha. The average density of the multiple populations was ca 120 individuals/ha. The estimated total population for the Czech Republic was 25,000 individuals (17,000 males / 8,000 females) in 2007, which does not indicate an imminent threat of extinction. The regional persistence of E. aurinia is likely to depend on re-colonisation of temporarily vacant sites by dispersing individuals, facilitated by local shifts in adult flight phenology to that better adapted to local conditions. and Kamil Zimmermann, Pavla Blazkova, Oldrich Cizek, Zdenek Fric, Vladimir Hula, Pavel Kepka, David Novotny, Irena Slamova, Martin Konvicka.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
3. Has the currently warming climate affected populations of the mountain ringlet butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in low-elevation mountains?
- Creator:
- Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, and Irena Klečková
- Format:
- print, počítač, and online zdroj
- Type:
- article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, motýli, babočkovití, demografie, butterflies, Nymphalidae, demography, Erebia epiphron, alpine habitats, temperate mountains, climate warming, population structure, timberline, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Climate change scenarios predict losses of cold-adapted species from insular locations, such as middle high mountains at temperate latitudes, where alpine habitats extend for a few hundred meters above the timberline. However, there are very few studies following the fates of such species in the currently warming climate. We compared transect monitoring data on an alpine butterfly, Erebia epiphron (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from summit elevations of two such alpine islands (above 1300 m) in the Jeseník Mts and Krkonoše Mts, Czech Republic. We asked if population density, relative total population abundance and phenology recorded in the late 1990s (past) differs that recorded early in 2010s (present) and if the patterns are consistent in the two areas, which are separated by 150 km. We found that butterfly numbers recorded per transect walk decreased between the past and the present, but relative population abundances remained unchanged. This contradictory observation is due to an extension in the adult flight period, which currently begins ca 10 days earlier and lasts for longer, resulting in the same total abundances with less prominent peaks in abundance. We interpret this development as desynchronization of annual cohort development, which might be caused by milder winters with less predictable snow cover and more variable timing of larval diapause termination. Although both the Jeseník and Krkonoše populations of E. epiphron are abundant enough to withstand such desynchronization, decreased synchronicity of annual cohort development may be detrimental for innumerable small populations of relic species in mountains across the globe., Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Oldřich Čížek, Tomáš Kuras, Irena Klečková., and Obsahuje bibliografii
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. How to increase the value of urban areas for butterfly conservation? A lesson from Prague nature reserves and parks
- Creator:
- Martin Konvička and Kadlec, Tomáš
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, entomologie, Praha (Česko), Prague (Czechia), insect conservation, habitat fragments, Lepidoptera, reserves, urbanisation, Zygaenidae, 2, and 59
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- a1_Cities contain only a low representation of natural and semi-natural habitats, existing in fragments surrounded by built-up areas. In 2003-2004, we surveyed butterflies and Zygaenidae moths in 21 reserves and 4 parks within the city of Prague, Czech Republic, situated from the periphery to city centre. A total of 85 species (47% of the Czech fauna of the study groups) was detected, 22 of them being of conservation concern. Ordination analyses of the local assemblages revealed that the richest sites were large, situated far from the city centre, on alkaline bedrocks, south- to southwest oriented, and hosting high numbers of vegetation types and vascular plant species. We then used generalised linear models to fit responses of individual species to the main ordination gradient, corresponding to increasing urbanisation. Out of 60 species that met criteria for the modelling, none responded positively to urbanisation. Twenty displayed negative linear response; these urban avoiders contained a surplus of mesophilous species presumably preferring rural landscapes. Further 29 species (suburban adaptable) responded in domed manners, peaking at the city periphery. Prevailing among them were xerophilous specialists inhabiting large grassland reserves at the Prague outskirts. Finally, eleven urban tolerant species did not respond to urbanisation at all, containing three highly mobile species, three xerothermophilous specialists, and five species utilising shrubs or trees and finding suitable conditions even in urban parks. Suburban adaptable butterflies apparently benefit from such suburban environments as gardens, road or railway verges, collectively increasing the connectivity of remnants of seminatural habitats. The fact that arboreal species persist even in urban parks, whereas common grassland species are absent there, implies that the quality of urban habitats might be increased by a more sensitive management of, a2_urban green spaces, such as leaving aside small temporary fallows or adapting lawns mowing schemes., and Martin Konvicka, Tomas Kadlec.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
5. Jasoň dymnivkový po více než 10 letech
- Creator:
- Petr Vlašánek, Martin Konvička, and Jiří Beneš
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Zoologie, ohrožené druhy živočichů, motýli, Česko, 2, and 59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Thanks to intensive monitoring of butter - flies and specifically of the critically en - dangered Clouded Apollo Butterfly (Parnassius mnemosyne) over the last 10 years, we can provide more accurate information about recent distribution and habitat requi - rements. and Petr Vlašánek, Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
6. Návrat zubra do České republiky
- Creator:
- Miloslav Jirků, Martin Konvička, Čížek, Lukáš, Šálek, Martin, Jan Robovský, and Dostál, Dalibor
- Format:
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Věda. Všeobecnosti. Základy vědy a kultury. Vědecká práce, akademie věd, academies of science, 12, and 00
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Another article describes a study entitled Return of the European Bison (Bison bonasus) to the Czech Republic published by the Czech Landscape in collaboration with scientists from the Biology Centre and the Institute of Vertebrate Biology, both of the ASCR and the University of South Bohemia. Research in the Czech Republic identified areas suitable for their return to the wild, mainly former military areas; surface areas of which range between 219-372 km2. In 2012, European bison was returned to the wild at Ralsko nature reserve, a former military training ground in Central Bohemia. and Miloslav jirků [et al.].
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public
7. Rozdílné cykly početností okáče rudopásného v horách České republiky
- Creator:
- Irena Klečková, Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, and Šlancarová, Jana
- Format:
- print, bez média, and svazek
- Type:
- article, články, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Biologické vědy, okáči, horští živočichové, motýli, Satyrinae, mountain animals, butterflies, Česko, Czechia, okáč rudopásný, Large Ringlet, Erebia euryale, 2, and 57/59
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- Dvouletý vývoj housenek je přizpůsobením horských motýlů na chladné klima a může se následně odrážet ve výkyvech početností dospělců. U okáče rudopásného (Erebia euryale) jsou výkyvy početností dospělců doloženy z Alp, nicméně z nižších horských masivů informace o tomto fenoménu chybí. Článek poprvé dokumentuje střídající se cykly početnosti dospělců okáče rudopásného v pohořích českého a moravského pohraničí - v Hrubém Jeseníku, Krkonoších a na Šumavě., Biennial development of mountain butterfly larvae involves adaptation to a cold climate, and subsequently could correspond with the biennial fluctuations of adult butterflies. The adult fluctuations of Large Ringlet (Erebia euryale) are known from the European Alps, but information is missing from lower mountain ranges. We present the first quantitative assessment of biennial fluctuations of E. euryale in Czech and Moravian border mountains - Hrubý Jeseník, Krkonoše (Giant Mts.) and Šumava (Bohemian Forest)., and Irena Klečková, Martin Konvička, Jiří Beneš, Jana Šlancarová.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public