The goal of this study is to summarize the current knowledge on the effects of one of the essential metals, copper (Cu) on the reproductive system. The development of past four decades addressing effects of Cu on reproductive organs is reviewed. The most relevant data obtained from in vivo and in vitro experiments performed on humans and other mammals, including effects of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the reproductive functions are presented. Short term Cu admi nistration has been found to exert deleterious effect on intracellular organelles of rat ovarian cells in vivo . In vitro administration in porcine ovarian granulosa cells releases insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), steroid hormone progesterone (P4), and induces expression of peptides related to proliferation and apoptosis. Adverse effect of Cu on male reproductive functions has been indicated by the decrease in spermatozoa parameters such as concentration, viability and motility. Copper nanoparticles are capable of generating oxidative stress in vitro thereby leading to reproductive toxicity. Toxic effect of CuNPs has been evident more in male mice than in females. Even though further investigations are necessary to arrive at a definitive conclusion, Cu notably influences the reproductive functions by interfering with both male and female reproductive systems and also hampers embryo development in dose-dependent manner., S. Roychoudhury, S. Nath, P. Massanyi, R. Stawarz, M. Kacaniova, A. Kolesarova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study has observed possible effect of ellagitannins - compounds from pomegranate on process of steroidogenesis in ovaries. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible effect of punicalagin on secretion of steroid hormones - progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and 17β-estradiol by ovarian fragments of rabbits in vitro. Ovarian fragments from sexually mature female New Zealand white rabbits (n=20) were incubated without (control group) or with punicalagin at various doses 1, 10 and 100 μg.ml−1 for 24 h. Hormones were evaluated by ELISA (The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay). Data showed that progesterone and 17β-estradiol (but not androstenedione and testosterone) release by rabbit ovarian fragments was significantly affected by punicalagin addition at various doses. Punicalagin (at 100 μg.ml-1) significantly (P<0.05) increased progesterone secretion. On the other hand, the release of 17β-estradiol was significantly (P<0.005) decreased by punicalagin addition (at 10 μg.ml-1). Our results suggest that punicalagin could have dose-dependent impact on secretion of steroid hormones progesterone and 17β-estradiol by rabbit ovarian fragments and it may be effector in process of ovarian steroidogenesis., D. Packova, A. A. Carbonell-Barrachina, A. Kolesarova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
t would be desirable to expand the existing general knowledge concerning direct action of metals on the ovary. Nevertheless, the results of testing of iron compound on porcine ovarian cells should be interpreted carefully because iron is an essential element which could also induce changes in cellular processes. The aim of this in vitro study was 1) to examine dose-dependent effects of iron on the secretory activity of porcine ovarian granulosa cells, and 2) to outline the potential intracellular mediators mediating these effects. Specifically, we evaluated the effect of iron sulphate on the release of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and progesterone, as well as the expression of markers of proliferation (cyclin B1) and apoptosis (caspase-3) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Concentrations of IGF-I and progesterone were determined by RIA, cyclin B1 and caspase-3 expression by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Our results show a significantly decreased IGF-I secretion by ovarian granulosa cells after iron sulphate addition at the doses 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml. The iron sulphate additions at do ses 0.17 and 1.0 mg/ml had no effect on progesterone secretion. In contrast, iron sulphate addition at doses 0.17-1.0 mg/ml resulted in stimulation of cyclin B1 and caspase-3 expression. In conclusion, the present results indicate a direct effect of iron on 1) secretion of growth factor IGF-I but not steroid hormone progesterone, 2) expression of markers of proliferation (cyclin B1), or 3) apoptosis (caspase-3) of porcine ovarian granulosa cells. These results support an idea that iron could play a regulatory role in porcine ovarian function: hormone release, prolif eration and apoptosis., A. Kolesarova ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the secretion activity (progesterone, 17β-estradiol and insulin-like growth factor-I) of rat ovarian fragments after molybdenum (Mo) addition. Rat ovarian fragments were incubated with ammonium molybdate (NH4)6Mo7O24.4H2O at the doses 90, 170, 330 and 500 μg.ml-1 for 24 h and compared with control group without Mo addition. Release of progesterone (P4), estradiol (17β-estradiol) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) by ovarian fragments was assessed by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Data show that P4 release by ovarian fragments was not affected by (NH4)6.Mo7O24.4H2O addition at all the doses used (90-500 μg.ml-1). However, addition of ammonium molybdate was found to cause a significant (P<0.05) dose-dependent decrease (at the doses 90, 170 and 500 μg.ml-1) in release of 17β-estradiol by ovarian fragments in comparison to control. Also, addition of ammonium molybdate significantly (P<0.05) inhibited IGF-I release at all the doses (90-500 μg.ml-1) used in the study. Results suggest ammonium molybdate induced inhibition in the release of growth factor IGF-I and its dosedependent effect on secretion of steroid hormone 17β-estradiol but not progesterone. These data contribute to new insights regarding the mechanism of action of Mo on rat ovarian functions., S. Roychoudhury, L. Detvanova, A. V. Sirotkin, R. Toman, A. Kolesarova., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This study aimed at examining the secretion activity of steroid hormones progesterone and 17β-estradiol by porcine ovarian granulosa cells after addition of green tea extract. Granulosa cells were incubated with green tea extract (at doses of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 μg.ml-1). Another set of cells were incubated with green tea extract at the above doses along with additional supplementation of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) at 10 μg.ml-1. Release of hormones by granulosa cells was assessed by EIA after 24 h exposure. Secretion of steroid hormones was not affected either by green tea extract alone or after FSH supplementation with green tea extract. Results indicate that ovarian steroidogenesis is not affected by green tea under conditions used in the experiment.
Protein kinases, transcription factors and other apoptosis- and proliferation-related proteins can regulate reproduction, but their involvement in sexual maturation remains to be elucidated. The general aim of the in vivo and in vitro experiments with porcine ovarian granulosa cells was to identify possible intracellular regulators of female sexual maturation. For this purpose, proliferation (expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen - PCNA, mitogen-activated protein kinases - ERK 1,2 related MAPK and cyclin B1), apoptosis (expression of the apoptotic protein Bax and apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 protein), expression of some protein kinases (cAMP dependent protein kinase - PKA, cGMPdependent protein kinase - PKG, tyrosine kinase - TK) and cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB-1) was examined in granulosa cells isolated from ovaries of immature and mature gilts. Expression of PCNA, ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1, Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and PKG in porcine granulosa cells were detected by immunocytochemistry. Sexual maturation was associated with significant increase in the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1 and TK and with decrease in the expression of ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG in granulosa cells. No significant difference in PCNA expression was noted. The present data obtained from in vitro study indicate that sexual maturation in females is influenced by puberty-related changes in porcine ovarian signaling substances: increase in Bcl-2, Bax, PKA, CREB-1, TK and decrease in ERK1,2 related MAPK, cyclin B1 and PKG. It suggests that these signaling molecules could be potential regulators of porcine sexual maturation., A. Kolesarova, A. V. Sirotkin, M. Mellen, S. Roychoudhury., and Obsahuje bibliografii
T-2 toxin and its metabolite HT-2 toxin are one of the most toxic mycotoxins of type A-trichothecenes, which are produced mainly by Fusarium species. Therefore, study of Fusarium toxins T-2 toxin and HT-2 toxin is an essential issue because they could also play role in failures of reproductive functions as well as endocrine system of domestic animals. Assessment of the effect of A-trichothecene mycotoxin HT-2 toxin alone or combined with insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I), leptin and ghrelin on estradiol secretion by rabbit ovarian fragments in vitro was done. Rabbit ovarian fragments were incubated without (control group) or with HT-2 toxin, or its combinations with IGF-I, leptin and ghrelin at various concentrations for 24 h. Secretion of 17β-estradiol was determined by ELISA. Firstly, HT-2 toxin at the doses 10 and 100 ng.ml-1, but not at 1 ng.ml-1 decreased 17β-estradiol secretion by ovarian fragments. Secondly, 17β-estradiol secretion was not affected by HT-2 toxin exposure combined with growth factor IGF-I, metabolic hormones leptin and ghrelin. In conclusion, HT-2 toxin has potent direct dose-dependent effects on ovarian steroidogenesis in rabbits. These direct effects of HT-2 mycotoxin on ovarian steroidogenesis could impact negatively on the reproductive performance of rabbits., A. Kolesarova, N. Maruniakova, A. Kadasi, M. Halenar, M. Marak, A. V. Sirotkin., and Obsahuje bibliografii