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2. Screening for associated autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes mellitus with respect to diabetes control
- Creator:
- Prázný, M., Škrha, J., Límanová, Z., Vaníčková, Z., Hilgertová, J., Prázná, J., Jarešová, M., and Stříž, I.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Autoimmune thyroid disease, Coeliac disease, Addison's disease, and Autoimmunity
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- As an autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) can be associated with other autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to detect subclinically associated autoimmune thyroid disease, coeliac disease, and Addison’s disease. The presence of autoantibodies was evaluated with special regard to the control of diabetes and to the clinical status of the patient. Fifty-one type 1 diabetic patients (22 men, 29 women, mean age 37±11 years, mean duration of diabetes 16±13 years) were included into this study. Specific antibodies to islet antigens – glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), protein thyrosine phosphatase IA-2α, and to thyroid autoantigens – thyroid microsomal peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (TG) and also thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured by RIA. Autoantigens of the small intestine – tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (ATTG), IgA and IgG antibodies to gliadin (AGA-IgA, AGA-IgG) were evaluated by ELISA. Endomysial autoantibodies (EMA) and adrenal cortex antibodies (ACA) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. Eleven new cases of thyreopathy (22 % of patients) were detected by the assessment of thyroid autoantibodies and TSH. Two new cases of thyreotoxicosis were diagnosed during the study. Coeliac disease was diagnosed in at least two cases. Addison's disease was not diagnosed, although the ACA were positive in two patients. No influence of single or combined autoantibody positivity on the control of diabetes was found if normal organ function was preserved. In both patients with thyreotoxicosis the control of diabetes was worsened and improved after treatment. The screening of autoantibodies in type 1 diabetic patients could reveal subclinical cases of AITD or coeliac disease. Subclinical forms of these disorders have no influence on diabetes control. However, impaired organ function may be associated with the worsened control of diabetes as we demonstrated on two newly diagnosed cases of thyreotoxicosis. We suggest the need for the follow-up of patients with positive autoantibodies because further deterioration of the respective organs can be expected.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
3. Short-term very low calory diet reduces oxidative stress in obese type 2 diabetic patients
- Creator:
- Škrha, J., Kunešová, M., Hilgertová, J., Weiserová, H., Křížová, J., and Kotrlíková, E.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Oxidative stress, Very low calory diet, Obesity, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- In addition to a number of deleterious effects on cellular integrity and functions, diabetic metabolic milieu has been implicated in a rapidly growing number of alterations in signal transduction. In this review we focus on Akt kinase physiology, its alterations in diabetes mellitus (DM), and on the emerging role of this signaling system in the pathophysiology of diabetic microvascular complications. Studies focusing on Akt in diabetes suggest both decrease and increase of Akt activity in DM. Alterations of Akt activity have been found in various tissues and cells in diabetes depending on experimental and clinical contexts. There is convincing evidence suggesting defective Akt signaling in the development of insulin resistance. Similar defects, as in insulin-sensitive tissues, have been reported in endothelia of DM Type 2 models, possibly contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction under these conditions. In contrast, Akt activity is increased in some tissues and va scular beds affected by complications in DM Type 1. Identification of the role of this phenomenon in DM-induced growth and hemodynamic alterations in affected vascular beds remains one of the major challenges for future research in this area. Future studies should include the evaluation of therapeutical benefits of pharmacological modulators of Akt activity.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public
4. The influence of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and very low calorie diet (VLCD) during a short-term weight reducing regimen on weight loss and serum fatty acid composition in severely obese women
- Creator:
- Kunešová, M., Braunerová, R., Hlavatý, P., Tvrzická, E., Staňková, B., Škrha, J., Hilgertová, J., Hill, M., Kopecký, J., Wagenknecht, M., Hainer, V., Matoulek, M., Pařízková, J., Žák, A., and Svačina, Š.
- Type:
- article, model:article, and TEXT
- Subject:
- Obesity treatment, Fatty acid composition, very low calorie diet, Beta-hydroxybutyrate, and PUFA
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- Polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 series (n-3 PUFA) were shown to increase basal fat oxidation in humans. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of n-3 PUFA added to a very low calorie diet (VLCD), with VLCD only during three-week inpatient weight reduction. Twenty severely obese women were randomly assigned to VLCD with n-3 PUFA or with placebo. Fatty acids in serum lipid fractions were quantified by gas chromatography. Differences between the groups were determined using ANOVA. Higher weight (7.55±1.77 vs. 6.07±2.16 kg, NS), BMI (2.82± 0.62 vs. 2.22±0.74, p<0.05) and hip circumference losses (4.8±1.81 vs. 2.5±2.51cm, p<0.05) were found in the n-3 group as compared to the control group. Significantly higher increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate was found in the n-3 group showing higher ketogenesis and possible higher fatty acid oxidation. The increase in beta-hydroxybutyrate significantly correlated with the increase in serum phospholipid arachidonic acid (20:4n-6; r = 0.91, p<0.001). In the n-3 group significantly higher increase was found in n-3 PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5n-3, docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) in trigycerides and phospholipids. The significant decrease of palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7) and vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) in triglycerides probably reflected lower lipogenesis. A significant negative correlation between BMI change and phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid change was found (r = -0.595, p<0.008). The results suggest that long chain n-3 PUFA enhance weight loss in obese females treated by VLCD. Docosahexaenoate (22:6n-3) seems to be the active component.
- Rights:
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public