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2. [Bremmer, Jan N. Initiation into the mysteries of the ancient world]
- Creator:
- Glomb, Tomáš
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Reviews
- Subject:
- Study of Religions
- Language:
- Czech
- Rights:
- unknown
3. Probuzeni se vzpomínkou: inkubace v kultu Asklépia a její vliv na fungování paměti
- Creator:
- Glomb, Tomáš
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Asclepius, incubation ritual, abaton, iamata, cognitive sciences, neuroscience, affective expectations, extended cognition, epidemiology of representations, cultural transmission, sleep, emotions, consolidation of memory, long lasting memories, and Study of Religions
- Language:
- Czech
- Description:
- This article tries to reveal factors which could have contributed to the successful spread of the ancient cult of the Greek god of medicine Asclepius but are difficult to grasp by traditional historiographical methods. More specifically, this article analyses which processes within the human body and mind could be advantageous for the spread of mental representations connected with the cult of Asclepius using the theoretical framework of cognitive sciences (especially Dan Sperber's epidemiology of representations and Andy Clark's concept of extended cognition). The major ritual of the cult of Asclepius is known as incubation. Patients, who visited the god's sanctuaries as supplicants, spent a night in the inner sanctuary (abaton) and it was expected that Asclepius would appear in their dreams performing an immediate cure or giving remedies for their recovery. Also, the temples of Asclepius featured iconographical artifacts (e.g. inscriptions about healing miracles) that could trigger emotional reactions and expectations about the ritual. Results from neurobiological experiments suggest that emotional arousal in combination with subsequent sleep could lead to a vivid and long lasting memory of the previous event. These memories could be therefore prioritized in the person's memory and thus be more suitable for cultural transmission than others.
- Rights:
- unknown
4. The third symbol of the Miles grade on the floor mosaic of the Felicissimus mithraeum in Ostia : a new interpretation
- Creator:
- Chalupa, Aleš and Glomb, Tomáš
- Format:
- text/pdf
- Type:
- Article
- Subject:
- Mysteries of Mithras, Mithraic ritual, Felicissimus mithraeum, Felicissimus mosaic, Mithraic grades, Miles grade, soldier's sling bag, sarcina, Phrygian cap, Santa Prisca mithraeum, Mithras Liturgy, altar of Flavius Aper, Mainz Vessel, Sol's Obeisance, Pact of Friendship, Sacred Repast, Archery of the Father, Transitus, and Study of Religions
- Language:
- English
- Description:
- This article deals with the identification and interpretation of the third symbol of the Miles grade on the floor mosaic of the Felicissimus mithraeum in Ostia. In previous scholarship, this symbol has usually been identified as a soldier's sling bag or, alternatively, as a Phrygian cap. The authors of this article question these identifications and hypothesize that this object might represent a bull's pelvic limb (i.e. hind-quarter) or, less likely, thoracic limb (i.e. fore-leg). They base their argument on the expert opinion of two veterinarians and also on the fact that a bull's limb is depicted on other Mithraic monuments, notably the altar of Flavius Aper at Poetovio, unlike a soldier's bag. In the second part of the article, the authors tentatively reflect on why the author of this mosaic might have chosen this particular symbol. They suggest either the possibility that this object might have played a role in Mithraic ritual(s) modelled on some episodes from a Mithras myth, or that it refers to the scene of Transitus and thus accentuates the heroic aspect of Mithras' personality in the role of deus invictus.
- Rights:
- unknown