Examination of 4055 molluscs of 10 species from cenotes (= sinkholes) and other freshwater bodies in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico revealed the presence of-larval stages of 13 trematodes. The following species were found: Echinochasmus leopoldinae Scholz, Ditrich et Vargas-Vázquez, 1996, E. macrocaudatus Ditrich, Scholz et Vargas-Vázquez, 1996 (Echi-nostomatidae), Saccocoelioides sp. (? sogandaresi Lumsden, 1963) (Haploporidae), Crassicutis cichlasomae Manter, 1936, pleurolophocercous ophthalmocercaria sp. (Homalometridae), Ascocotyle (Ascocotyle) sp., Ascocotyle (Phagicola) nana Ransom, 1920 (Heterophyidae), Oligogonotylus manieri Watson, 1976 (Cryptogonimidae), Genarchella astyanactis (Watson, 1976) (Derogenidae), xiphidiocercariae sp. 1, 2 and 3 (Lecithodendriidae?), and furcocercaria gen. sp. (Fellodistomidae). The life-cycle of the derogenid Genarchella astyanactis was studied for the first time. It was found that it differs from that of G. genarchella: the first intermediate host, Pyrgophorus coronatus (Pfeiffer, 1839), released cystophorous furcocercariae of G. astyanactis that developed, after ingestion by the second intermediate host, copepods (experimentally Mesocyclops chaci Fiers, Reid, Ilife et Suárez-Morales, 1996), into metacercariae resembling by their morphology juvenile trematodes found in the stomach of Aslya-nax fasciatus. No progenetic cercariae (metacercariae) found in G. genarchella were observed in the life-cycle of G. astyanactis. Rediae and cystophorous furcocercariae were recovered from naturally infected snails and snails experimentally kept in contact with eggs from the uterus of G. astyanactis adults.
This article assesses efforts to develop "open innovation". First, open innovation is put in the framework of knowledge society. It is shown that the term open innovation refers tu such different cases that it is better to assess them separately. Chesbrough´s "open innovation", the "lead user" conception, the idea of "commons-based-peer-production" and "interactive value production" is shortly explored. "Incertitude" is overviewed as basic background that urges societal praxis to turn to open innovation. At the end the article, referring to an expert material worked out for the EC DG Research, called with abbreviation TEKSS, turns interest to extending open innovation by integrating concerned groups as innovation partners as engagement, i.e. as partners though the whole innovation process., Imre Hronzsky, Ágnes Fésüs., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
The Prison Service of the Czech Republic has been collecting e-data about imprisoned persons and presenting particular descriptive statistics in its annual reports since 1996. However, essential underlying information and complex relations analyses are not worked out in depth. The Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention offers particular narrowly focused analysis, but has never prepared a comprehensive description based on Czech prison data and models derived from it. As the country is about to prepare a prison service reform, complex statistical and microeconomic models are required. One of the reasons why advanced modelling could not be conducted was the absence of an appropriately adapted dataset. This article describes the steps from a dataset provided by the Prison Service of the Czech Republic to a fi nal database which allows performing advanced analyses. The aim of this paper is also to describe the properties of the database and to report the total number and structure of cases of imprisonment in the CR between 1996 and 2012., Maria Králová, Laura Fónadová., and Obsahuje bibliografii