The Tevatron accelerator built and operated in Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) was the most powerfull machine in the world for almost three decades. However, its mission ended when the LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) came into operation. Tevatron was finally shut down in September 2011. Despite its demise, its past results represent a significant chapter in the history of elementary particle physics. These results were also great use to the setting of LHC scientific goals., Urýchl'ovač Tevatron v laboratóriu Fermilab (Batavia, Illinois) bol po takmer tri desaťročia najvýkonnejším colliderom na svete, s nástupom LHC (Large Hadron Collider, CERN) v Ženeve boli jeho dni spočítané a koncom septembra 2011 ukončil svoju činnosť. Jeho výsledky sa zapísali do dejín fyziky a aj na ich základe sa formuloval fyzikálny program LHC. Tevatron slúžil od prvých zrážok úctyhodných 25 rokov a minulý rok odovzdal štafetu do Európy., Michal Marčišovský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
In the course of dehydration, the gas exchange and chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence were measured under irradiance of 800 μmol m-2 s-1 in detached apple leaves, and the production of active oxygen species (AOS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2-), hydroxyl radical (-OH), and singlet oxygen (1O2), were determined. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (PN) was limited by stomatal and non-stomatal factors at slight (2-3 h dehydration) and moderate (4-5 h dehydration) water deficiency, respectively. Photoinhibition occurred after 3-h dehydration, which was defined by the decrease of photosystem 2 (PS2) non-cyclic electron transport (P-rate). After 2-h dehydration, an obvious rise in H2O2 production was found as a result of photorespiration rise. If photorespiration was inhibited by sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), the rate of post-irradiation transient increase in Chl fluorescence (Rfp) was enhanced in parallel with a slight decline in P-rate and with an increase in Mehler reaction. At 3-h dehydration, leaf P-rate decrease could be blocked by glycine (Gly) or methyl viologen (MV) pre-treatment, and MV was more effective than Gly at moderate drought time. AOS (H2O2 and O2-), prior to photoinhibition produced from photorespiration and Mehler reaction in detached apple leaves at slight water deficiency, were important in dissipating photon energy which was excess to the demand of CO2 assimilation. So photoinhibition could be effectively prevented by the way of AOS production. and H. S. Jia, Y. Q. Han, D. Q. Li.
Výzkum primárních procesů fotosyntézy probíhá na trojmezí tří velkých přírodních věd: fyziky, chemie a biologie. Předmětem tohoto článku je stručný přehled sledu elementráních chemických a fyzikálních pochodů od záchytu fotonu po syntézu adenosintrifosfátu (ATP) a úvod do kvantové teorie světlosběrných fotosyntetických antén., Research of primary processes of photosynthesis occurs at the boundary of three great natural sciences: physics, chemistry and biology. This article gives a brief overview of the elementary chemical and physical processes from the absorption of a photon to the synthesis of adenosintriphosphate molecules, and it introduces the reader to the theory of photosynthetic light-harvesting antennae., Tomáš Mančal., and Obsahuje bibliografii