This study investigates select groups of ''Third World'' students who, came to Czechoslovakia to study during the 1960s, within the wave of revived Soviet internationalism. It analyses the scope, effects and various modes of response to the cultural exchange between representatives of the ''Second World'' with the ''Third World'', whose interaction went beyond a purely political and state-controlled level. The ''responses'' were for the most part products of tensions stirred by Socialist imaginaries on both sides clashing with the lived realities of coexistence, as well as by disagreements in ''varieties of Socialism'' practiced by Czechs and Slovaks on the one side, and different groups of foreign students on the other. The cultural exchange implemented within the framework of the Soviet bloc higher educational programme for foreigners is explored through a comparative analysis of two perspectives - the teachers’ and the students’. Despite implied limits of the propagandistically advertised solidarity, this study argues that the Socialist regime indeed had a certain ''appeal'' for students coming from the ''Third World'', especially those with a deprived social background. In this respect, the paper has an ambition to contribute to explorations of encounters across the nations and borders from Czechoslovakia’s standpoint. and Překlad resumé: Barbora Buzássyová a Melvyn Clarke
Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ symmetric, irreducible, and nonnegative matrix whose eigenvalues are $\lambda _1 > \lambda _2 \ge \ldots \ge \lambda _n$. In this paper we derive several lower and upper bounds, in particular on $\lambda _2$ and $\lambda _n$, but also, indirectly, on $\mu = \max _{2\le i \le n} |\lambda _i|$. The bounds are in terms of the diagonal entries of the group generalized inverse, $Q^{\#}$, of the singular and irreducible M-matrix $Q=\lambda _1 I-A$. Our starting point is a spectral resolution for $Q^{\#}$. We consider the case of equality in some of these inequalities and we apply our results to the algebraic connectivity of undirected graphs, where now $Q$ becomes $L$, the Laplacian of the graph. In case the graph is a tree we find a graph-theoretic interpretation for the entries of $L^{\#}$ and we also sharpen an upper bound on the algebraic connectivity of a tree, which is due to Fiedler and which involves only the diagonal entries of $L$, by exploiting the diagonal entries of $L^{\#}$.
In the Republic of Guinea (West Africa), the diversity and distribution of striped grass mice of the genus Lemniscomys is poorly known. In the course of long-term field surveys from 2003 to 2011, we collected 97 specimens from various regions of Guinea with the aim of characterizing the morphological and genetic diversity of the genus in the country. We performed an integrative study that allowed us to detect the existence of at least two species in the collected specimens. Two molecular clades, corresponding to different karyotypes, were recovered. By comparison with type specimens and using classical morphometric analyses, we are able to confirm the presence of L. linulus and L. striatus in Guinea. We redescribe the skull and dental characters of the poorly known L. linulus and report its standard karyotype formula (2N = 56, NFa = 66). We did not collect any L. zebra in Guinea despite its presence in South Mali. In conclusion, the distributions of L. striatus and L. linulus described for Guinea and, including the previously reported L. bellieri, three species are now known to occur in this country. We recognise these three species as valid pending further revision of the genus at a pan-African scale.
We first investigate factorizations of elements of the semigroup $S$ of upper triangular matrices with nonnegative entries and nonzero determinant, provide a formula for $\rho (S)$, and, given $A\in S$, also provide formulas for $l(A)$, $L(A)$ and $\rho (A)$. As a consequence, open problem 2 and problem 4 presented in N. Baeth et al. (2011), are partly answered. Secondly, we study the semigroup of upper triangular matrices with only positive integral entries, compute some invariants of such semigroup, and also partly answer open Problem 1 and Problem 3 in N. Baeth et al. (2011).
The article focuses on the standards of health care and their mutual relationship. Firstly, the article deals with different types of standards, i.e. with the medical standard, civil law (liability) standard and with the standard for the purposes of public health insurance law. The second part of the paper is aimed at their mutual relationship, primarily with an emphasis on the relationship between the civil law standard and standard for the purposes of public health insurance law, where there could evidently exist tension between them. and Článek je zaměřen na problematiku standardů při poskytování zdravotních služeb a jejich interakci. Nejprve se v článku pojednává o jednotlivých druzích standardů, tedy o standardu medicínském, civilněprávním (deliktním) a standardu zdravotních služeb pro účely práva veřejného zdravotního pojištění. Druhá část článku se věnuje jejich vzájemnému vztahu, a to s důrazem na vztah standardu civilněprávního a standardu práva veřejného zdravotního pojištění, kde může docházet k jejich vzájemné kolizi.
This work deals with the worldview of autochtonous polish speaking ethnic group in Teschen Silesia inhabiting the area of both sides of current Czech-Polish border. It is importantfor our research that this ethnoculture maintains specific traditional traits, whether on the level of full meanings or of their symbolic sedimentation, which itself may serve as a source for reconstuction of these full meanings via structural-ermeneutical method. The analysis of narrative materials allows us to revealsome representative features of the researched worldview. By the notion of worldview we mean specific world description and world model (or pattern) as well. In our attempt to reconstruct a part of the worldview we aspire to show full potential of cognitive-linguistic analysis, taking note of both phenomenological and structural approaches. We understand the worldview notion as correlative to language and culture, and, on the other hand, as universal relative to man as bodily subject. We consider any worldview correlative to language and culture, alongside with being correlative to sensual human subject as well. This bilateral correlation is the source ofparadoxical nature of a worldview. Our research reveals that a worldview as a product of categorizing animal man makes reality simpler and stable on the one hand, but on the other hand can notget rid of it's own inconsistence and ambivalence. We attempt to prove that a worldview consists of a system for which general interpretation matrix can be found, but that this very system is equally confused, ambivalent, heterogeneous and includes multiple different layers. We also attempt to prove that cognitive structures specific for a member of the researched ethnoculture may occur outside this ethnoculture and that conlusions resulting from our analysis may have more general validity.
a1_Three new species of acanthocephalans are described from marine fishes collected in Sodwana Bay, South Africa: Rhadinorhynchus gerberi n. sp. from Trachinotus botla (Shaw), Pararhadinorhynchus sodwanensis n. sp. from Pomadasys furcatus (Bloch et Schneider) and Transvena pichelinae n. sp. from Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskål). Transvena pichelinae n. sp. differs from the single existing species of the genus Transvena annulospinosa Pichelin et Cribb, 2001, by the lower number of longitudinal rows of hooks (10-12 vs 12-14, respectively) and fewer hooks in a row (5 vs 6-8), shorter blades of anterior hooks (55-63 vs 98), more posterior location of the ganglion (close to the posterior margin of the proboscis receptacle vs mid-level of the proboscis receptacle) and smaller eggs (50-58 × 13 µm vs 62-66 × 13-19 µm). Pararhadinorhynchus sodwanensis n. sp. differs from all known species of the genus by a combination of characters. It closely resembles unidentified species Pararhadinorhynchus sp. sensu Weaver and Smales (2014) in the presence of a similar number of longitudinal rows of hooks on the proboscis (16-18 vs 18) and hooks in a row (11-13 vs 13-14), but differs in the position of the lemnisci (extend to the level of the posterior end of the proboscis receptacle or slightly posterior vs extend to the mid-level of the receptacle), length of the proboscis receptacle (910-1180 µm vs 1,460 µm) and cement glands (870-880 µm vs 335-350 µm). Rhadinorhynchus gerberi n. sp. is distinguishable from all its congeners by a single field of 19-26 irregular circular rows of the tegumental spines on the anterior part of the trunk, 10 longitudinal rows of hooks on the proboscis with 29-32 hooks in each row, subterminal genital pore in both sexes, and distinct separation of the opening of the genital pore from the posterior edge of the trunk (240-480 μm) in females., a2_Sequences for the 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and cox1 genes were generated to molecularly characterise the species and assess their phylogenetic position. This study provides the first report based on molecular evidence for the presence of species of Transvena Pichelin et Cribb, 2001 and Pararhadinorhynchus Johnston et Edmonds, 1947 in African coastal fishes., Olga I. Lisitsyna, Olena Kudlai, Thomas H. Cribb, Nico J. Smit., and Obsahuje bibliografii