The study focuses on the subject that Lévi-Strauss never devoted himself to in a systematic way. The essence of his view on the urban space can be found in few pages of his travel book Tristes Tropiques (English version is entitled World on the Wane). In spite of this fact, the study tries to show that the opinions on the urban space delivered in this work are important for us to under stand the basis of his method, as well as to get closer to the places where his thinking opens to the new perspectives of the anthropological studies. When analyzing these opinions, we find that on the one hand they confirm the primary trend of his method, which is the orientation towards unconscious models; on the other hand, however, we see the role of collective conscience in a new light. Similarly, we will have to correct the idea about the relation between structures and their demographic substance. In his work La Pensée sauvage (The Savage Mind) Lévi-Srauss presented this relationship as a conflict of two sides, from which the second one, the demographic substance always ends up pre dominating: it decomposes the structural organizations and leads the community to the historical time. Lévi-Strauss’ reflections about the city indicate that the demographical substance could have a different function in his thinking. Thanks to the concentration of a big amount of people, a city can in its organization of space display the unconscious trends of mind. The last part of the study aims to discover in Lévi-Strauss’ opinions on the South American cities the indication of what could be called the anthropology of present or even future times. and Miroslav Marcelli.
Osobní přesvědčení, hodnoty a profesní etika jsou nedílnou součástí práce psychologů/ psychoterapeutů. Při řešení etických dilemat si nevystačíme s pouhou aplikací etických principů a zásad, ale je nutné vzít v úvahu psychologické pozadí etických postojů psychologa/psychoterapeuta. V textu se autor snaţí zdůraznit, ţe etické uvaţování, principy a rozhodování jsou ovlivňovány jak osobnostními faktory, tak dynamikou vědomých i nevědomých procesů. Jako nezbytnost vidí vlastní výcvikovou zkušenost psychologů/psychoterapeutů. and Personal conviction, values and professional ethics are an inseparable part of psychologists´/psychotherapists´ work. At solving ethical dilemmas, a mere application of ethical principles and standards is not sufficient and the psychological background of ethical stances of the psychologist/psychotherapist must be taken into consideration. In the text, the author tries to accentuate, that ethical consideration, principles and decision-making are influenced by personality factors as well as by the dynamics of conscious and unconscious processes. In his view, the psychologists´/psychotherapists´ own training experience is necessary.
Although it is generally considered that the study of social psychology in the former Czechoslovakia commenced in the 1960s, the author here establishes the importance of the virtually forgotten earlier years of the discipline. The first Czech student of social psychology was a prominent sociologist and member of the Prague sociological school, Otakar Machotka (1899- 1970), whose interest in matters psychological commenced in the 1940s and whose research into the subject continued during his period of exile in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Machotka’s recently discovered post-war manuscript on the subject of unconscious agents in social behaviour, which is published in extenso here, reveals the original and innovative character of the author’s approach; at the same time, it offers an important testimony to the epoch both in terms of the discipline itself and the wider society. The erstwhile unknown manuscript also contains the first stage of Machotka’s struggle for an explanation for quisling behaviour during the Second World War, which he later published in his 1964 book., Zdeněk R. Nešpor., and Obsahuje seznam literatury