Celobronzové komponenty ochranné zbroje jsou fenoménem, který se ve středoevropském nálezovém fondu objevuje poprvé počátkem doby popelnicových polí. Na Moravě je dnes tato zbroj doložena kromě dvou částí bronzových přileb (Služín, Brno-Řečkovice) a starším nálezem náholenice (Kuřim) také zlomkem pancíře (Ivančice 4). Pouze u náholenice není znám nálezový kontext, ostatní artefakty pocházejí z depotů a jsou karpatské provenience. Typologicky i kontextem depotů jsou moravské nálezy bronzové zbroje datovány do rozpětí stupňů B D2 – Ha B1. Plech pancíře z depotu Ivančice 4 byl podle materiálové analýzy vyroben z klasického bronzu mechanickým tvářením s následným rekrystalizačním žíháním. V obvodovém lemu ramenního výkroje pancíře byla zakována tyčinka ze slitiny PbSn, která posloužila jako měkký podklad pro vykování ohybu okraje. Olovo bylo sice v době popelnicových polí vzácně již vyráběno a používáno, v technologické aplikaci při výrobě bronzového pancíře je však nálezem v depotu Ivančice 4 takto prokázáno poprvé. and Solid bronze armour components are a phenomenon that first appears in Central European find assemblages at the beginning of the Urnfield culture period. In addition to two parts of bronze helmets (Služín, Brno-Řečkovice) and an old find of a greave (Kuřim), this armour is also documented today in Moravia by a fragment of cuirass (Ivančice 4). The find context is unknown only in the case of the greave; the other artefacts come from hoards and are of Carpathian provenance. Typologically and based on the context of the hoards, the Moravian finds of bronze armour are dated to the period between stages B D2 and Ha B1. According to a material analysis, the sheet metal of the cuirass from the Ivančice 4 hoard is made from classic bronze that was mechanically shaped and subsequently treated by recrystallisation annealing. A bar from a PbSn alloy hammered into the edge of the shoulder cut-out of the cuirass served as a soft base for bending the edge. Although lead was occasionally made and used already in the period of the Urnfield culture, the find from the Ivančice 4 hoard marked the first time its technological application was demonstrated in the production of bronze cuirasses.
The effects of soil and water contamination by lead (Pb) and the consequences on plant growth and yield are of great concern worldwide. Limits of the Pb concentration in water have been established by governmental institutions but these differ from each other. In this study, Lactuca sativa (var. Reine de Mai) plants were exposed to low Pb(NO3)2 doses (0.05-20 mg L-1), including the recommended limit values for irrigation water by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). After 28 d of exposure, lettuce plants did not present visible morphological alterations or growth impairment, but CO2 assimilation rate (PN), photochemical quenching, and effective quantum efficiency of PSII were negatively affected, while intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, or transpiration rate were not influenced. Our results suggested that limitations on photosynthesis occurred from different reasons than due to the decrease of internal CO2 availability, alterations of photophosphorylation, and/or electron transport rate. Thus, this lettuce cultivar showed photosynthetic susceptibility to low doses of Pb, even at lower concentrations than those maximal allowed for irrigation water by FAO. Furthermore, PN seemed to be the most sensitive biomarker for evaluation of Pb susceptibility., S. Silva, G. Pinto, C. Santos., and Obsahuje bibliografii