Diclofenac is a drug commonly used in human and veterinary medicine for the treatment of diseases associated with inflammation and pain. Medicinal products enter waste and surface waters on an everyday basis and contaminate the aquatic environment. Fish are therefore permanently exposed to these chemicals dissolved in their aquatic environment. To simulate variable environmental conditions, the aim of our study was to examine adverse effects of diclofenac under different temperatures of cell incubation (18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 °C). Cytotoxic and -static effects of diclofenac in concentrations of 0.001 μg/ml, 0.01 μg/ml, 0.1 μg/ml, 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml for the carp (Cyprinus carpio) cultured leukocytes were quantified using detection of lactate dehydrogenase released from damaged cells. Overall DCF cytotoxicity was relatively low and its impact was pronounced at higher temperature and DCF concentration. Cells growth inhibition is changing more rapidly but it is high mainly at the highest concentration from low temperature. DNA fragmentation was not detected in tested leukocyte cell line. CYP450 increased diclofenac cytotoxicity only at the highest concentration but at incubation temperatures 18 and 27 °C. Leukocyte viability is essential for immune functions and any change can lead to reduction of resistance against pathogens, mainly in cold year seasons, when the immune system is naturally suppressed.
An integrated system of evaluation of genotoxic damage was employed in two rodent species (Clethrionomys glareolus, Apodemus flavicollis) collected in a polluted and a control site in northern Bohemia. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Pb, Cu, Zn) were found in soil samples from the polluted site. Significantly higher concentrations of certain non-essential heavy metals were observed in kidney and liver of the animals studied in the polluted site, however, temporal variation between years and seasons was significant. Heavy metals originating from industrial aerial pollution may be not distinctly reflected in tissue concentrations recorded in small terrestrial rodents, in contrast to soil pollution resulting from mine works and/or from road traffic. In the same animal samples, micronucleus test and sperm abnormalities assays were used to study the correlation between environmental pollution and genetic damage. Higher genotoxic damage was demonstrated in the animals collected in the polluted site. Micronuclei frequencies appeared to be more suitable markers of mutagenicity than those of abnormal sperms. A. flavicollis seems to be a more suitable model in studies of environmental genotoxicity than C. glareolus.
Máloštětinatí opaskovci (Annelida: Clitellata) jsou jakožto významná složka permanentní fauny silně závislí na charakteru prostředí, v němž žijí. Proto výskyt určitých druhů může indikovat míru ovlivnění jejich habitatů. Článek se zabývá historií výzkumu máloštětinatých opaskovců a příklady studií této skupiny z různého prostředí, od toků téměř neovlivněných až po silně antropogenně znečištěné., Aquatic oligochaetes (Annelida: Clitellata) as an important group of permanent bottom fauna are strongly dependent on environmental characteristics of their habitats. Consequently, the occurrence of a particular species can indicate the level of environmental quality. The article describes the history of oligochaete research and presents case studies from different environments from almost natural to sites with high anthropogenic impact., and Jana Schenková.
Obory magnetismu hornin, paleomagnetismu a magnetismu životního prostředí jsou velmi úzce propojeny. Zatímco paleomagnetismus se zabývá vyšetřováním a analýzou remanentních parametrů zafixovaných v horninách a sedimentech jako funkce podmínek jejich vzniku a geologického času, magnetismus hornin vyšetřuje magnetické vlastnosti nositelů remanentního záznamu. Pro dosažení tohoto cíle využívá teorii pevných látek, laboratorních experimentů a numerických simulací různých fyzikálních procesů v těchto minerálech s tzv. uspořádanou magnetickou strukturou. Magnetismus hornin tvoří fyzikální základ paleomagnetismu i relativně nového oboru - magnetismu životního prostředí., Aleš Kapička, Eduard Petrovský., and Obsahuje seznam literatury