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Start Over Subject civil society

1. "Nežít s bombou, ale s rozumem." Právní filosofie Reného Marcice a marxistický humanismus Ernsta Fischera jako konfrontace dvou perspektiv občanské společnosti na pozadí éry rakouského kancléře Josefa Klause (1964-1970)

Creator:
Holub, Ondřej
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
René Marcic, Ernst Fischer, civil society, Marxist humanism, and Austrian Communist Party
Language:
Czech
Description:
My study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of two theorists in what were probably the most formative years of postwar Austrian history, the era of the conservative government of Josef Klaus. Specifi cally, I compare the conservative philosophy of right of Austrian philosopher of Croatian origin René Marcic and the Marxist humanism of Ernst Fischer. In doing so, it is my intention to describe the ideological foundations and intellectual horizons of Josef Klaus’s right-wing government and, at the same time, to discuss how this policy was confronted by Ernst Fischer from the left. A further purpose of my study is to inquire into the intellectual foundations that laid the ground for Austrian civil society, and to ask how these foundations were confronted by the Austrian Communist Party’s chief ideologist, Ernst Fischer.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

2. Ještě mladší Marx, antipolitik a antiobčan

Creator:
Grim Feinberg, Joseph
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
young Marx, anti-politics, civil society, and theory of the proletariat
Language:
Czech
Description:
When twentieth-century interpreters of Marx sought new significance in his thought, they often returned to Marx’s “young” works, which presented the possibility of enriching Marx’s critique of political-economy with a critique of alienated consciousness. This article, however, seeks to go back still further, to works written by Marx before the now-famous Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. These works of the “even younger Marx” can supplement the critique of alienation with a critique of the state and civil society. Today, the relation between the state and civil society is a central theme of political thought; yet civil society is often understood unidimensionally as a normative category opposed to the state or to politics, which take on one-sidedly negative significance in contrast to civil society. An interpretation of the works of the “even younger Marx” enables a critical evaluation of the social role of civil society in connection with its complex (rather than purely oppositional) position with regard to the state. The “even younger Marx” offers a political theory of civil society that captures at once its emancipatory potential as well as its potential to serve continued unfreedom.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

3. Odpor, reflexe, tvorba a drobná práce v životě nejen filosofickém

Creator:
Hejduk, Tomáš
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
dissent, civil society, Ladislav Hejdánek, and ethics
Language:
Czech
Description:
The concept of dissent as it is articulated in the work of Ladislav Hejdánek is investigated in the article. The author first utilizes Pithart’s schematic division of dissent into the protesting and the reflective in order to subsequently, in Hejdánek’s conception, distinguish yet a third, creative type of dissent. This the author then analyzes in more detail in a systematic interpretation of Hejdánek’s attitudes and thoughts (including comparisons with the texts of other dissidents and thinkers). Nevertheless, he primarily focuses on the Chartist discussion on courage, in which he clarifies Hejdánek’s position, along with a search for a possible shielding, or more precisely in the context of a civilly disobedient position of an admissible and convincing concept of morality., V předloženém textu je zkoumáno pojetí disentu v díle Ladislava Hejdánka. Autor si nejprve pomáhá Pithartovým schematickým dělením disentu na protestující a reflektující, aby následně v Hejdánkově koncepci odlišil ještě třetí, tvůrčí typ disentu. Ten následně detailněji analyzuje v systematické interpretaci Hejdánkových postojů a myšlení (včetně komparace s texty dalších disidentů a myslitelů). Soustřeďuje se přitom především na chartistickou diskusi o statečnosti, v níž vyjasňuje Hejdánkovu pozici, ovšem spolu s hledáním možného zaštiťujícího, respektive v kontextu občansky neposlušného postoje přípustného a přesvědčivého pojetí morálky., and Ladislavu Hejdánkovi k nedožitým 93. narozeninám
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

5. Peter, Paul, and objectivity: Evald Ilyenkov and Marek Siemek on the conditions of human subjectivity

Creator:
Woźniak, Monika
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Evald Ilyenkov, Marek Siemek, intersubjectivity, subjectivity, ideal, and civil society
Language:
Czech
Description:
The article aims to compare the models of human subjectivity developed by Marek Siemek (in his post-Marxist period) and Evald Ilyenkov. Both authors define human subjectivity as a self-reflective relation between the “I” and the self. This self-referentiality is possible only in relation to the other, mediated through a non-subjective element. Subjectivity, therefore, is something essentially intersubjective for both philosophers. But even though these two perspectives share the same basic scheme, they are developed in very different ways. As I argue, the main difference between them can be seen in the conceptualisation of the third, objective element. Whereas Ilyenkov describes this element as a thing involved in human activity (for example, a tool) and therefore meaningful (a view strongly connected with his theory of the ideal), Siemek emphasises the role of the civil society and its institutions. Exploring this difference is especially important as it reflects an inherent political dimension in Ilyenkov’s and Siemek’s thought. I evaluate this political dimension, pointing to the originality of Siemek’s defence of capitalism and the Schillerian traces in both concepts.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

6. Politika v éře globalizace: Beck, U. Vynalézání politiky. K teorii reflexivní modernizace

Creator:
Ondřej Lánský
Format:
print, bez média, and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
moderní společnost, modernizace, sociální změna, politika, občanská společnost, futurologie, modern society, modernization, social change, politics, civil society, futurology, 18, and 316.4
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Ondřej Lánský.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

7. Vliv vzdělání a životní spokojenosti na angažovanost obyvatel Česka

Creator:
Osoba, Petr
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
civic participation, civic engagement, political participation, life satisfaction, and civil society
Language:
Czech
Description:
The general aim of the article is to assess the ways residents of Czechia engage in particular types of action in public interest (including attending a public hearing on a local issue, volunteering, donating or signing a petition) and in such action generally. A literature review concludes that the terms engagement and participation tend to be seen as synonymous. In the theory section, predictors of engagement are discussed, amongst which most authors treat education as central. This gives rise to my first hypothesis (H1): Individuals’ civic engagement will be positively influenced by their educational attainment. In contrast, since have been no detailed studies of the relationship between life satisfaction and engagement in Czechia thus far, I formulate H2: There is a relationship between individuals’ life satisfaction and their civic engagement, with more engaged citizens being more satisfied. Secondary analysis of an archived dataset was conducted. The survey took place in February 2014 using face-to-face interviews with Czech citizens aged 18–64 years, who were selected using quota sampling. In addition to region of residence, quotas for age, gender and municipality size were applied. 1903 respondents in compliance with the quotas were invited and 1327 valid interviews were conducted, with a response rate of 70%. Over the past five years, 61% of the respondents engaged in at least one of the actions studied. The highest number of respondents, 45%, donated money; 27% signed a petition; and 25% attended a public hearing. A chi square test revealed that general engagement varied with educational attainment (χ2 = 48.8; df = 5), age, type of economic activity, socioeconomic status, and municipality size. Respondent’s educational attainment is the main differentiating factor of both self-declared general engagement and participation in the different actions studied (H1 confirmed). In particular, college graduates are significantly more engaged than individuals with primary education or secondary education without GCSE. Age is another apparent differentiating factor, whereas respondents in their thirties are significantly more engaged than young people under 24. Mean values of the self-reporting scales indicate that engaged respondents are more satisfied (average satisfaction of 7.3 on a 10-point scale), namely those who reported having taken at least one action in public interest over the past five years. Average satisfaction among those not engaged was 7.1. Although the difference is statistically significant (using a two-sample t-test), basically confirming H2, it cannot be deemed substantive. When respondents were categorized as “dissatisfied” (1–4 points), “neutral” (5–6) and “satisfied” (7–10 points), 50% of the former were engaged, compared to 63% of the latter. Using three-way tables, the effects of the third variables on the relationship were tested, but none of the control variables significantly intervened in the relationship. The differences in satisfaction were larger when looking at the particular actions separately. “Satisfied” respondents were the most likely to engage in all actions except demonstrating or ones categorized as other. The fact that less satisfied individuals were more likely to take action expressing their disagreement (to attend a demonstration) can be viewed as attesting the effect of life satisfaction on civic engagement. Thus, satisfaction positively influenced engagement in “positively” oriented action.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public