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2. "Do what thou wilt" : the history of a precept

Creator:
Wheeler, Graham John
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Aleister Crowley, esotericism, occultism, occult revival, Western esotericism, Wicca, and Study of Religions
Language:
English
Description:
Aleister Crowley is the most notoriously transgressive figure in modern Western esotericism, and his best known precept is "Do what thou wilt". This article seeks to elucidate the place of Crowley's precept in the history of esotericism and transgression. More specifically, it seeks to make two points. First, it shows, through an investigation of its sources and influences, that the precept had highly transgressive overtones in the period when Crowley adopted and popularised it. These overtones extended to sexual excess, religious deviancy and fascist politics. Second, it argues that the precept was repurposed in a major way in the latter part of the twentieth century. The precept became domesticated, as the founders of the Wicca movement subsumed it into their own ethical maxim, the "Wiccan Rede". This development serves as an example of how some of the more transgressive and problematic elements of the Western esoteric tradition have come to be softened and obscured in contemporary mass-market, suburban forms of practice such as Wicca.
Rights:
unknown

4. "Guruovská hnutí" v Rakousku : religionistické aspekty aktuální otázky

Creator:
Hutter, Manfred
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
Der Verfasser befaßt sich mit etlichen aktuellen Fragen der neuen religiösen Erscheinungsformen in Österreich. Aufgrund des Bundesgesetzes über die Rechtspersönlichkeit von religiösen Bekenntnisgemeinschaften, das am 9. Januar 1998 verabschiedet wurde, entsteht die Lage, in der die religiösen Gruppen und Religionsgemeinschaften auch seitens der Religionswissenschaft verantwortungsvoll bewertet werden müßen. In dem Aufsatz werden die "Internationale Gesellschaft für Krishna-Bewußtsein" (ISKON), die "Transzendentale Meditation" (TM) und der "Yoga-Weg" von Sri Chinmoy besprochen. In einer deskriptiven Weise werden die Wurzeln und die Wirkungsgeschichte dieser Bewegungen behandelt; es wird auch zu der unabdingbaren Rolle des Lehrers (Guru) eine Stellung genommen und es werden auch die gesellschaftliche Ansprüche der genannten Guru-Bewegungen in Österreich erklärt. Der Verfasser schließt damit, daß aus der religionswissenschaftlichen Perspektive diese Gurubewegungen als religiöse Bekenntnisgemeinschaften zu charakterisieren sind und daß kein Grund vorliegt, ihnen aus öffentlich-rechtlicher Sicht Rechtspersönlichkeit zu verweigern.
Rights:
unknown

5. "Kronika dynastie Han": debaty o reformách státních kultů v době císaře Chenga (32-7 př. n. l.)

Creator:
Hrubý, Jakub and Vávra, Dušan
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Han dynasty, state cults, ancient China, Confucianism, Chinese religions, and Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
This article provides a translation with commentary of the key parts of the Book of Han (Hanshu) concerning the reforms of the state cults during the reign of Chengdi (32-7 BC). The translated texts represent a substantial source on the form of, and ideology underlying state-sponsored religious rites in early imperial China. The translated debates demonstrate the controversy between partisans of the traditional view on the meaning and form of the rites, and the reformers (though the latter likewise present their case as a return to ancient models attested in the Classics). The traditional view of the religious rites holds that the rites should be conducted at the place where the gods themselves appear (the humans respond to the gods' actions). The reformists, on the other hand, set a universal rational framework (based on yinyang classification), which prescribes the proper way of revelation and sacrifice for both the humans and the gods. Furthermore, the debates are an interesting testimony to the identity of Confucianism in the given period. The rationalization of religious rites promoted by the reformists is usually associated with Confucianism. However, in these debates we find famous Confucians in both camps.
Rights:
unknown

6. "Maranatha" a "erchomenos" - předchristologická imprese Ježíšových přívrženců

Creator:
Funda, Otakar A.
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
Der bestehende Stand der Forschung bietet eine ausführliche Analyse der Entstehung von Vorstellungen und Titel, mit derer Hilfe der urchristliche Glaube zum Ausdruck gebracht wurde. Es handelt sich vor allem um die Auferstehungs- und Erhöhungsvorstellung. Beides hat das Urchristentum nicht neu geschaffen, sondern übernommen, und zwar von seiner hellenistischen und jüdischen Umwelt. Später kam es zu einer Vergegenstädlichung von diesen Vorstellungen, die eine Form der Legende vom leeren Grab und der Legende von der Himmelfahrt aufgenommen haben. Die andere Linie der Selbstdeutung des christlichen Glaubens folgte die christologischen Titel. Auch diese wurden übergenommen und auf Jesus transformiert. ...
Rights:
unknown

7. "Měřítko vytváří jev" : k pojetí obsahů a funkcí náboženství ve výzkumech religiozity v současné české společnosti

Creator:
Havlíček, Jakub
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Czech Republic, religion, conceptualization, spirituality, belief, identity, functional characteristics, substantial characteristics, and Study of Religions
Language:
Czech
Description:
The paper focuses on the topic of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today from the perspective of the Study of Religions. The paper further develops and assesses in theoretical terms the findings of descriptive content analysis published by Veronika Hásová and Jan Váně (2014), who identified and quantified the frequency of variables of religiosity applied by researchers in the Czech Republic. The characteristics applied most frequently are categorized as functional characteristics (religious affiliation, church attendance) and substantive characteristics (belief in diverse religious phenomena) of religiosity. Results and conclusions of the analysis of religiosity in the Czech Republic depend heavily on how the functional and substantive characteristics of religiosity are conceived and formulated. The functional characteristic of religious affiliation conceived in terms of church membership results in a low measure of religiosity and supports the conclusion concerning the purported irrelevance of religions and religious identities in the Czech society today. Other surveys based on different conceptualizations of religious identities reveal the relevance of religion as far as the attitudes and values of respondents are concerned. Topics connected to religions and religious identities continue to be discussed within the public sphere of Czech society, e.g. through the media. As far as the substantive characteristics of belief in religious phenomena are concerned, the specification of the subject of such belief is of vital importance. As surveys of religiosity reveal, respondents relatively often declare their belief in or reliance on phenomena connected with alternative religiosity or spirituality. The ways of conceptualizing religion in Czech society today often ignore the dynamics of religious change in modern societies and do not take into account changes in the perceived content and functions of religious phenomena. Critical examination of the variables of religiosity leads towards a re-examination of conclusions concerning the purported irreligious or secular nature of Czech society today
Rights:
unknown

9. "Neuľahneš k mužskému ležaniami ženy!" : mužská homoerotika a análny styk medzi mužmi v Levitiku

Creator:
Javornický, Samuel
Format:
text/pdf
Type:
Article
Subject:
Holiness Code, Leviticus 18:22, Leviticus 20:13, male homoeroticism, anal intercourse, cross-gendering, anthropological interpretation, ancient Israel, and Study of Religions
Language:
Slovak
Description:
This article deals with the problem of male homoeroticism and anal intercourse in two verses of the Book of Leviticus (18:22 and 20:13) belonging to the textual set called the Holiness Code (H). The article comprises two parts. The first represents a philological analysis and interpretation of these two texts, while the second is an attempt to understand the anthropological framework and behavioural patterns lying behind the texts. In the first part, the standard interpretative and translation tradition considering the active (insertive) partner as the primary addressee of the proscription is critically examined. The article inquires into the crucial Hebrew idiom, miškǝvê 'iššāh, "the lying down of a woman", which represents the central clue to a proper understanding of the two texts. The article rejects the mainstream interpretative and translation tradition. Based on a new lexical, syntactic and semantic analysis, it proposes an alternative translation and interpretation which sees the passive (receptive) partner as the addressee of the proscription. The second part of the article discusses the two main interpretative frameworks for the anthropological interpretation of the two texts. The first is "shame and honor dialectics" and the second is the prohibition of the mixing of kinds, in this case the mixing of gender roles. The latter is regarded as principal. It means that the Holiness Code condemns miškǝvê 'iššāh, "the lying down of a woman", with another male, i.e. the acceptance of the receptive sexual role within inter-male anal intercourse, as a culturally relevant expression of "cross-gendering".
Rights:
unknown

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