We computed annual precipitation totals for six catchments in the West and High Tatra Mountains (Roháčska, Jalovecká, Žiarska, Račkova, Tichá and Kôprová dolina) for hydrological years 1989-1998 using different interpolation and extrapolation methods. Precipitation estimates for the entire period as well as for particular hydrological years were used to compute evapotranspiration from the hydrological balance equation. The results have shown that although we used all existing precipitation data from the region along with the sophisticated methods to estimate catchment precipitation, yet, the water balance of the mountain catchments was not explained satisfactorily. and V práci sú vypočítané ročné zrážkové úhrny v šiestich povodiach Západných a Vysokých Tatier (Roháčska, Jalovecká, Žiarska, Račkova, Tichá a Kôprová dolina) pomocou rôznych interpolačných a extrapolačných metód pre hydrologické roky 1989 až1998, aj pre priemerné ročné úhrny za celé obdobie. Pre zrážkové úhrny určené rôznymi metódami bol z rovnice hydrologickej bilancie vypočítaný výpar a výsledky boli vyhodnotené opäť pre celé obdobie, aj pre jednotlové hydrologické roky. Získané výsledky ukazujú, že ani pri použití všetkých existujúcich údajov a moderných výpočtových metód existujúca meracia sieť nedáva uspokojivú odpoveď na pochybnosti, ktoré vznikajú pri určení základných prvkov hydrologickej bilancie v jednotlivých horských povodiach.
The contribution gives an overview of the experimental hydrological research in former Czechoslovakia in the 1980-ties. The development of hydrological experimental and representative basins is put into the context with UNESCO programs (IHD and IHP) and with the then-existing east-European co-operations, especially with project ''Methodological research in experimental and representative basins''. The contribution outlines the connection of this hydrological activity with project FRIEND in the 1990-ties. and Príspevok podáva prehľad československého hydrologického experimentálneho výskumu v osemdesiatych rokoch minulého storočia. Do kontextu stavia rozvoj hydrologických experimentálnych a reprezentatívnych povodí s programami UNECSO (MHD a MHP) a vtedajšími medzinárodnými spoluprácami, najmä s projektom Metodické výskumy v experimentálnych a reprezentatívnych povodiach. Naznačuje prepojenie tejto hydrologickej činnosti v rokoch deväťdesiatych s programom MHP UNESCO FRIEND.
This work examines the main features of the flash flood regime in Central Europe as revealed by an analysis of flash floods that have occurred in Slovakia. The work is organized into the following two parts: The first part focuses on estimating the rainfall-runoff relationships for 3 major flash flood events, which were among the most severe events since 1998 and caused a loss of lives and a large amount of damage. The selected flash floods occurred on the 20th of July, 1998, in the Malá Svinka and Dubovický Creek basins; the 24th of July, 2001, at Štrbský Creek; and the 19th of June, 2004, at Turniansky Creek. The analysis aims to assess the flash flood peaks and rainfall-runoff properties by combining post-flood surveys and the application of hydrological and hydraulic post-event analyses. Next, a spatially-distributed hydrological model based on the availability of the raster information of the landscape’s topography, soil and vegetation properties, and rainfall data was used to simulate the runoff. The results from the application of the distributed hydrological model were used to analyse the consistency of the surveyed peak discharges with respect to the estimated rainfall properties and drainage basins. In the second part these data were combined with observations from flash flood events which were observed during the last 100 years and are focused on an analysis of the relationship between the flood peaks and the catchment area. The envelope curve was shown to exhibit a more pronounced decrease with the catchment size with respect to other flash flood relationships found in the Mediterranean region. The differences between the two relationships mainly reflect changes in the coverage of the storm sizes and hydrological characteristics between the two regions.
In the paper there the questions of selection of representative period for the hydrological characteristics assessment are discussed. Also the characteristics of runoff and precipitation for the periods 1931-1980 and 1961-2000 are presented. The main components of water balance in Slovakia are the basis for comparison of both periods. The assessment of development of runoff condition during the last decades is presented. and V referáte sa diskutujú otázky výberu reprezentatívneho obdobia pre stanovenie hydrologických charakteristík. Ďalej sa uvádzajú charakteristiky odtoku a zrážok za obdobia 1931-1980 a 1961-2000. Na základe hodnotenia hlavných komponentov hydrologickej bilancie Slovenska sa obidve obdobia porovnávajú a opisuje sa vývoj odtokových pomerov ostatného obdobia.