Biometric data are typically used for the purposes of unique identification of a person. However, recent research suggests that biometric data gathered for the purpose of identification can be analysed for extraction of additional information. This augments indicative value of biometric data. This paper illustrates the range of augmented indicative values of the data as well as identifies crucial factors that contribute to increased vulnerability of data subjects., Alžběta Krausová, Hananel Hazan, Ján Matejka., and Obsahuje bibliografické odkazy
Let G be a graph. A vertex subversion strategy of G, say S, is a set of vertices in G whose closed neighborhood is removed from G. The survival-subgraph is denoted by G/S. The Neighbor-Integrity of G, NI(G), is defined to be NI(G) = min S⊆V (G) {|S| + c(G/S)}, where S is any vertex subversion strategy of G, and c(G/S) is the maximum order of the components of G/S. In this paper we give some results connecting the neighbor-integrity and binary graph operations.
The article discusses immigrant women arriving in Greece since 1990 from the Balkans and the former socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Immigrant women in Greece are usually domestic workers responding to the local population's needs for services connected mainly with children and the elderly. Using the biographical method based on life stories, the paper examines their actual position, their identity crisis and their status in relation to social welfare. The analysis concludes with the following observation: these women are vulnerable first as illegal immigrants and also because of the serious identity problem caused by the precariousness of their occupation.
The isolated rupture degree for a connected graph G is defined as ir(G) = max{i(G-S)-|S|-m(G-S):S is element C(G)}, where i(G-S) and m(G-S), respectively, denote the number of components which are isolated vertices and the order of a largest component in G-S. C(G) denotes the set of all cut-sets of G. The isolated rupture degree is a new graph parameter which can be used to measure the vulnerability of networks. In this paper, we firstly give a recursive algorithm for computing the isolated rupture degree of trees, and determine the maximum and minimum isolated rupture degree of trees with given order and maximum degree. Then, the exact value of isolated rupture degree of gear graphs are given. In the final, we determine the rupture degree of the Cartesian product of two special graphs and a special permutation graph.
Problems of consideration of natural processes as factors, which limit or even threat interests of society is very topical. They are mainly those natural processes, which are able to go through the quiet periods and jump into the period of sudden active impact. Extreme (maximum) run-off from the basin belongs to this kind of processes. At present, in geographical scientific literature opinion is being pushed through, that these processes are necessary to be evaluated as a natural hazards and from them rised natural risks. Review of papers, which deal with this evaluation is presented in the study. Analysed papers can be devided into several groups. In the first, there are papers evaluating some of natural hazards (earthquake, landslide, avalanche, drought ...), the papers analysing certain flood situations from the point of view of hydrology and water management belong to the second group. Third group includes papers which describe steps to identifying and evaluation of flood hazard. In terms of all mentioned groups papers which are „transectional“ may occur. These papers pay attention to theoretical-methodological questions or deal with evaluation of more natural hazards. Flood situations appeared in a different time periods and in a different areas of Slovakia during past years. We think, that flood problem has exceeded engineer-hydrological, resp. water economy. There are clear indications, which show, that complex view is necessary to this phenomenon. It is particularly knowledge of relationship between rainfalls and run-off, which are connected not only to time and space wide spread of rainfalls, but also to land cover and land use. And just methodics of natural hazard evaluation allow such complex view. and Problematika chápania prírodných procesov ako faktorov, ktoré obmedzujú, limitujú alebo dokonca ohrozujú záujmy ľudskej spoločnosti, je v súčasnosti veľmi aktuálna. Sú to najmä tie prírodné procesy, ktoré dokážu z obdobia pomerného pokoja prejsť do obdobia aktívneho pôsobenia náhle, skokom. Medzi takéto procesy zaraďujeme aj extrémny (maximálny) odtok z povodia. V geografickej odbornej literatúre sa v súčasnosti presadzuje názor, že tieto procesy je potrebné hodnotiť ako prírodné hrozby a z nich vyplývajúce prírodné riziká. V predloženej štúdii prinášame prehľad prác, ktoré sa zaoberajú takýmto hodnotením. Analyzované práce môžeme rozdeliť do niekoľkých skupín. V prvej skupine sú práce, ktoré hodnotia niektorú prírodnú hrozbu (zemetrasenie, zosun, lavína, sucho ...), do druhej skupiny môžeme zaradiť práce, ktoré sa zaoberajú analýzou konkrétnych povodňových situácií z hydrologického, resp. vodohospodárskeho hľadiska. Tretiu skupinu tvoria práce, ktoré obsahujú konkrétne kroky vedúce k identifikácii a hodnoteniu povodňovej hrozby. V rámcivšetkých uvedených skupín sa môžu vyskytnúť práce, ktoré označujeme ako ''prierezové''. Sú to práce, ktoré sa venujú teoreticko-metodologickým otázkám, alebo sa zaoberajú hodnotením viacerých prírodných hrozieb. Povodňové situácie sa v uplynulých rokoch vyskytovali v rôznych časových obdobiach a v rôznych lokalitách Slovenska. Domnievame sa, že problém povodní už presiahol inžiniersko-hydrologický, resp. vodohospodárský rámec. Sú tu jasné indície, ktoré naznačujú, že na tento fenomén je potrebný komplexný pohľad. Je to najmä poznanie zrážkoodtokových vzťahov, ktoré súvisia nielen s časovým a priestorovým rozložením zrážok, ale aj s krajinnou pokrývkou (land cover) a využitím územia (land use). A práve metodiky hodnotenia prírodných hrozieb takýto komplexný pohľad umožňujú.