Cellular cholesterol plays fundamental and diverse roles in many biological processes and affects the pathology of various diseases. Comprehensive and detailed understanding of the cellular functions and characteristics of cholesterol requires visualization of its subcellular distribution, which can be achieved by fluorescence microscopy. Many attempts have been made to develop fluorescent cholesterol reporters, but so far, none of them seems to be ideal for studying all aspects of cholesterol management. To meet the requirements for the right probe remains a great challenge, and progress in this field continues. The main objective of this review is to not only present the current state of the art, but also critically evaluate the applicability of individual probes and for what purpose they can be used to obtain relevant data. Hence, the data obtained with different probes might provide complementary information to build an integrated picture about the cellular cholesterol. and Corresponding author: Jarmila Králová
In order to mitigate vineyard degradation, we study different soil management to obtain the most suitable practices. To study the effects of water erosion on vineyards, a rainfall experiment (58 mm h-1 for 30 min) was applied on Anthrosols in humid conditions to assess the impact of treatment (Tilled, Straw and Grass) and season (Spring and Summer). Higher bulk density (BD) and soil water content (SWC) were on the Straw treatment in the Spring period. Also, the Tilled and Grass treatment noticed higher mean weight diameter (MWD) and water-stable aggregates (WSA). In the Summer, BD, SWC and MWD were significantly higher on the Grass treatment. Higher values of time to ponding (TP) and time to runoff (TR) in Spring were recorded on the Grass treatment, Runoff was higher on the Straw treatment. Higher sediment concentration (SC) and soil loss (SL) were noticed during the Tilled treatment. In the Summer period, TP was higher on the Straw treatment, while TR and Runoff were higher on the Straw, SC and SL on the Tilled treatment. This study confirms the positive effects of grass cover and straw mulching as a sustainable agricultural practice in sloped vineyards of north-western Croatia.