The Interkosmos satellite laser ranging system ar Borowiec is described. The system ranging precision has been evaluated. The calculations show the standard deviation associated with the observations to be in the range of ±75 cm. A brief discussion of the influence of the random errors upon calibrations and observations proper is given.
New approach to the construction of multipoint models of the geopotential is discussed. The Earth´s potential is represented, as usual, by means of the main and residual parts. The first is interpreted as potential of an ellipsoid with ellipsoidal-layers structure. This potential is replaced by the potential of a planar layer - the focal disk. The formulas for computation of the density of such layer are presented.
Formulas for recurrent determination of inclination function and their derivatives are presented. The main goal of this derivation is to attain relative numerical stability for higher degree and orders. The problem of practical application in a computer is discussed., Predlagajutsja rekurrentnyje formuly vyčislenija normirovannych funkcij naklona orbity. Glavnaja ich cel' - povyšenije otnositel'noj čislennoj stabil'nosti dlja vysšich stepenej i porjadkov. V stat'e rešena tože problema realizacii na EVM., and Celý článek bude uveden v Bull. Astron. Inst., sv. 36
This year coincides with the 60-year anniversary of the publication of Norbert Wiener's seminal book: , in which he introduced, under the name "cybernetic", a host of radically new ideas and views regarding science, engineering, and other areas of human affairs that emerged shortly after World War II. It is thus appropriate for a journal whose title is , the Czech name for cybernetics, to use this anniversary for reflecting on the evolution of cybernetics during the last 60 years. In this essay, which I was invited to write for on this occasion, I intend to express my personal opinion about what I consider the most important ideas of cybernetics from among those suggested and discussed by Wiener in his book. In addition, I intend to trace the evolution of these principal ideas, especially in the United States, since the publication of Wiener's book.
The purpose of this paper is to give a short conceptual description of the following three problems: actual status of the ORBITA Computer System, computation of the motion of the satellite - subsatellite system and mathematical formulation of the unmodeled accelerations in the satellite motion as coded in ORBITA system.