The article analyses international legal framework, preconditions of realization of the right to religious education in Lithuania and other European Union (EU) states during compulsory education, discusses certain issues related to ensuring and implementing the right of religious education in Lithuania and other European Union (EU) states. Right to religious education arises from the coherent fundamental rights, such as freedom of religion, conscience and thought, right to choose or change beliefs, right to educate one’s children according to one’s convictions, right and duty to study until certain age, freedom to choose religious studies for one’s children. Due to the processes of globalization society becomes increasingly culturally heterogeneous, therefore, states carry a complex task to equally ensure different individual interests related to religious education. Majority of EU states are required to ensure education of children according religious convictions of their parents and needs of the children themselves.