For a pseudo $MV$-algebra $\mathcal A$ we denote by $\ell (\mathcal A)$ the underlying lattice of $\mathcal A$. In the present paper we investigate the algebraic properties of maximal convex chains in $\ell (\mathcal A)$ containing the element 0. We generalize a result of Dvurečenskij and Pulmannová.
We deal with unbounded dually residuated lattices that generalize pseudo $MV$-algebras in such a way that every principal order-ideal is a pseudo $MV$-algebra. We describe the connections of these generalized pseudo $MV$-algebras to generalized pseudo effect algebras, which allows us to represent every generalized pseudo $MV$-algebra $A$ by means of the positive cone of a suitable $\ell $-group $G_A$. We prove that the lattice of all (normal) ideals of $A$ and the lattice of all (normal) convex $\ell $-subgroups of $G_A$ are isomorphic. We also introduce the concept of Archimedeanness and show that every Archimedean generalized pseudo $MV$-algebra is commutative.
We give two variations of the Holland representation theorem for $\ell $-groups and of its generalization of Glass for directed interpolation po-groups as groups of automorphisms of a linearly ordered set or of an antilattice, respectively. We show that every pseudo-effect algebra with some kind of the Riesz decomposition property as well as any pseudo $MV$-algebra can be represented as a pseudo-effect algebra or as a pseudo $MV$-algebra of automorphisms of some antilattice or of some linearly ordered set.