Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn) has been praised as one of green foods for humans in the 21st century. Effects of fertilization on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of tartary buckwheat has not been yet reported in detail. Our experiment was set as a split-plot factorial. The main plots and subplots were designed by fertilizer ratio and rate as: NPK 1:1:1 (A1), NPK 1:4:2 (A2), NPK 1:2:3 (A3), and 300 (B1), 450 (B2), and 600 (B3) kg (NPK) ha-1. Our results showed that the grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with the net photosynthetic rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), PAR, stomatal limitation value (Ls), chlorophyll content (SPAD value), and leaf area index (LAI), while significantly and negatively correlated with intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water-use efficiency (WUE). The grain yield, PN, gs, E, PAR, Ls, SPAD, and LAI increased and then decreased with enhanced fertilization, and their maximum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. The Ci and WUE decreased and then increased with enhanced fertilization, and their minimum values appeared in the A2B2 treatment. Our results suggested that fertilization had significant effects on the leaf photosynthetic capacity and grain yield of tartary buckwheat
Yunqiao1, and the best fertilization strategy was 450 kg ha-1 with NPK 1:4:2., C. Wang, H. Z. She, X. B. Liu, D. Hu, R. W. Ruan, M. B. Shao, L. Y. Zhang, L. B. Zhou, G. B. Zhang, D. Q. Wu, Z. L. Yi., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Intercropping, a traditional and worldwide cropping practice, has been considered as a paradigm of sustainable agriculture based on complementary mechanisms among different crop species. Soybean (Glycine max) is widely relay intercropped about 60 days before maize (Zea mays) harvest in Southwest China. However, shade caused by tall maize plants may be a limiting factor for soybean growth at a seedling stage. In field research, we studied the ecophysiological responses of two widely cultivated soybean varieties [Gongqiudou494-1 (GQD) and Gongxuan 1 (GX)] to maize shading in a relay intercropping system (RI) compared with monocropped soybean plants (M). Our results showed that soybean seedlings intercropped with maize exhibited significantly downregulated net photosynthetic rate (PN) (-38.3%), transpiration rate (-42.7%), and stomatal conductance (-55.4%) due to low available light. The insignificant changes in intercellular CO2 concentration and the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry suggested that the maize shading-induced depressions in PN were probably caused by the deficiency of energy for carbon assimilation. The significantly increased total chlorophyll (Chl) content (+27.4%) and Chl b content (+52.2%), with lowered Chl a/b ratios (-20.5%) indicated soybean plants adjusted their light-harvesting efficiency under maize shading condition. Biomass and leaf area index (LAI) of seedlings under RI decreased significantly (-78.7 and -71%, respectively) in comparison with M. Correlation analysis indicated the relative reduction in biomass accumulation was caused by the decline in LAI rather than PN, it affected negatively the final yields of soybean (32.8%). Cultivar-specific responses to maize shading were observed in respects of LAI, biomass, and grain yield. It indicated that GX might be a better cultivar for relay intercropping with maize in Southwest China., B. Y. Su, Y. X. Song, C. Song, L. Cui, T. W. Yong, W. Y. Yang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
This work compares thermal cutting processes from the point of view of a thermal interference depth of the cut edge effective for construction steel EN S355J0 and deals with a cost and productivity of various cutting technologies. Results allow to estimate the technologies on the base of the mechanical changes in the cut edges, to determine their advantages and drawbacks and to look inside the technical/qualitative process characteristics. and Práca sa zaoberá vzájomným porovnaním tepelných spôsobov rezania materiálov z hľadiska ich vplyvu na dosiahnutú hĺbku tepelného ovplyvnenia hrany rezu u konštrukčnej oceli typu EN S355J0, nákladovosti a produktivity práce jednotlivých technológií rezania materiálov. Z výsledkov je možné porovnať tieto technológie z hľadiska zmeny ich mechanických vlastností na hrane rezu, určiť výhody, nevýhody daných technológií a oboznámiť sa s technicko-kvalitatívnymi charakteristikami procesov.
Macroalgae must be able to survive in conditions of different light intensities with no damage to their physiological performance or vital processes. Irradiance can stimulate the biosynthesis of certain photoprotective compounds of biotechnological interest, such as pigments and proteins. Pterocladiella capillacea is a shade-grown alga, which play a role key in the balance of marine ecosystems. In addition, it is considered one of the best sources of bacteriological agar and agarose with a wide pharmacological potential. In order to evaluate the photosensitivity in P. capillacea under 60 (control) and moderate light intensity of 300 μmol(photon) m-2 s-1, photosynthetic performance and chemical composition were assessed. P. capillacea showed photosensitivity without evidence of photodamage. The results indicate the possibility to increase a growth rate and probably infer productivity in long-term cultivation by stimulation at moderate light intensity. Increasing photosynthetic pigment and protein contents were also observed under medium light, an interesting result for functional ingredient approaches., T. B. Harb, A. Nardelli, F. Chow., and Obsahuje bibliografii
In order to test the effects of irrigation depth on winter wheat photosynthesis, four treatments were applied in a field experiment using PVC growth tubes (identical amounts of water were applied on the land surface, and at 60, 75, and 90% of the depth for the winter wheat root distribution, denoted as D0, D60, D75, and D90, respectively). Compared to the surface irrigation treatment D0, the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration increased with irrigation depths. The values of these indicators obtained by the underground irrigation treatment D75 were higher than those of D60 and D90, and thus D75 was found to be the optimum irrigation depth. Furthermore, a positive but not significant correlation (r = 0.62) between carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and grain yield was found. This study improves our understanding of the mechanism of underground water distribution control with depth, and the efficiency of
water-saving irrigation for winter wheat., L. J. Zheng, J. J. Ma, X. H. Sun, X. H. Guo, J. Jiang, R. Ren, X. L. Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii