Search

Start Over Subject phylogeny

31. Dorso-abdominal scent glands and metathoracic evaporatoria in adults of central European Rhopalidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera), with a discussion of phylogeny and higher systematics

Creator:
Davidová-Vilímová, Jitka, Nejedlá, Markéta, and Schaefer, Carl W.
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Scent glands, evaporatoria, development, morphology, phylogeny, classification, Heteroptera, and Rhopalidae
Language:
English
Description:
The reservoirs of dorso-abdominal scent glands and the occurrence of the metapleural scent gland evaporatoria in the adults of nine central European and one North American species in the family Rhopalidae (Hemiptera) were studied. All published data about the persistence of the dorso-abdominal scent glands in rhopalid adults are reviewed, and systematic and phylogenetic implications are derived from the patterns of variation.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

32. Dryophthorinae weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) of the forest floor in Southeast Asia: Three-marker analysis reveals monophyly of Asian Stromboscerini and new identity of rediscovered Tasactes

Creator:
Grebennikov, Vasily V
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
nosatcovití, fylogeneze, Curculionid beetles, phylogeny, Čína, Nepál, Myanma, China, Nepal, Myanmar, Dryophthorinae, Tasactes, COI, ITS2, 28S, clogging taxonomy, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The nominal genus Tasactes Faust, 1894, consisting of two originally included nominal species from Myanmar, is rediscovered for the first time since being erected. Adult weevils herein assigned to the taxonomically re-defined Tasactes were abundant in forest floor litter at five localities in China (Yunnan and Sichuan), plus one specimen is available from Shaanxi and three from Nepal. Phylogenetic analysis of a 2,275 bp matrix concatenated from one mitochondrial (COI) and two nuclear markers (ITS2 and 28S) revealed that the monophyletic Tasactes consists of eight evolutionary significant terminal clades, either allopatric (three) or sympatric (two on Cang Shan in Yunnan and three on Mount Emei in Sichuan). The genus Tasactes is nested within the monophyletic Stromboscerini, while the tribe is sister to monophyletic Dryophthorus. The two morphological diagnostic characters of Tasactes, which are unique within the tribe, are the transversely truncated antennal club and conically projecting velvety apex of the club. So defined, Tasactes renders the genus Orthosinus paraphyletic. Considering the taxonomic neglect and uncertainties surrounding nominal Stromboscerini, all herein reported members of this tribe, including the Tasactes, are not assigned to Linnaean species. This paper illustrates the "clogging taxonomy" phenomenon, in which obscure historical names render taxonomic assignment of newly sampled specimens precarious. All the data used herein (localities, sequences, specimen images) are available online in public datasets dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-TASACT1 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-TASACT2., Vasily V. Grebennikov., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

33. Ecological characteristics and polyphasic taxonomic classification of stable pigment-types of the genus Chroococcus (Cyanobacteria)

Creator:
Kováčik, Ľubomír, Jezberová, Jitka, Komárková, Jaroslava, Kopecký, Jiří, and Komárek, Jiří
Type:
article and TEXT
Subject:
chromatic adaptation, Chroococcus, cyanobacteria, ecology, phylogeny, pigment content, pigment mutants, Slovakia, taxonomy, and ultrastructure
Language:
English
Description:
Two differently coloured strains of the genus Chroococcus were isolated from a cyanobacterial assemblage collected from the stony littoral of a backwater of the Danube River in southern Slovakia. When grown after isolation, both subcultures were similar morphologically and their growth parameters did not differ substantially, but their pigment content (PC: PE and carotenoid ratios), details in their morphology during their life cycles and slime production were different. Identical and different characters of both morphotypes remained stable during cultivation on both agarized and liquid media, even when the cultivation parameters were changed. Both of the subcultures were studied using electron microscopy and almost their complete 16S rRNA genes were sequenced, which showed that in terms of their genetic relationship there was a 96.4% sequence similarity and certain taxonomic interspecific differences between both subcultures were confirmed. The various chromatic modifications recorded in cyanobacteria and their ecological consequences are discussed. The results yielded further data on the changes that occur during the cyanobacterial differentiation processes and their genetic stabilization.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/

34. Evolutionary history and patterns of differentiation among European Maniola butterflies (Lepidoptera: Satyrinae)

Creator:
Grill, Andrea, Gkiokia, Erasmia, and Alvarez , Nadir
Type:
article, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Satyrinae, Sardinia, phylogeny, mtDNA, Maniola nurag, Maniola chia, and Maniola jurtina
Language:
English
Description:
Phylogenetic relationships of European Maniola butterflies are reconstructed using molecular sequences from two regions of the mitochondrial DNA, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb). A total of 988 base pairs (486 for Cytb, and 502 for COI) were aligned for 15 individuals of Maniola and an outgroup species. The phylogenetic tree obtained through Bayesian inference analysis of the combined data sets shows evidence that the island endemic M. chia is indistinguishable from M. jurtina on the basis of the mtDNA genes studied. Net nucleotide divergence between M. jurtina and M. chia is 0.4%, but 2% between the M. jurtina and the M. nurag clade. A phenetically distinct entity of individuals from Sardinia appears to be a hybrid between M. nurag and M. jurtina. The southern and northern European ecotypes of M. jurtina, which differ in the summer aestivation period of the southern type, are not structured genetically at the level of coding mtDNA genes. Divergence time between M. nurag and M. jurtina was estimated to be 1.1 to 1.2 million years. Speciation most likely took place in the early Pleistocene as a consequence of the isolation of Sardinia, when the sea reflooded the Mediterranean basin after the Messinian crisis (about 5 million years ago).
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

35. First DNA analysis of pill scarabs (Coleoptera: Hybosoridae: Ceratocanthinae) reveals multiple paraphyly of Afrotropical Philharmostes

Creator:
Grebennikov, Vasily V.
Format:
počítač and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Coleoptera, Hybosoridae, Ceratocanthinae, Ceratocanthini, DNA barcode, ITS2, 28S, phylogeny, forest litter, taxonomy, Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n., Afrotropical Region, and Eastern Arc Mountains
Language:
English
Description:
This paper is the first attempt to resolve relationships among the Ceratocanthinae: Ceratocanthini pill scarab beetles using DNA sequences. It is focused on the Philharmostes group of seven Afrotropical genera: Baloghianestes (3 spp.), Callophilharmostes (1 sp.), Carinophilharmostes (1 sp.), Chaetophilharmostes (1 sp.), Cryptophilharmostes (3 spp.), Petrovitzostes (1 sp.) and Philharmostes (31 spp.). A phylogenetic analysis of 46 terminals and alignment of 2,913 bp from one mitochondrial and two nuclear fragments corroborates monophyly of this group, but rejects that of Philharmostes, the largest genus. The latter is paraphyletic with respect to at least four other smaller genera and consists of at least three distantly related clades. One of them, formed by Philharmostes ballerioi sp. n. from the Tanzanian Nguru (the type locality) and Kaguru Mountains, is sister to the rest of the entire Philharmostes group. The nominal genus Philharmostes is, therefore, a waste-basket taxon for accommodating members of this group that lack the distinct characters of the smaller genera. Pending further research, the phylogenetically inadequate generic taxonomy of the Philharmostes group is not modified. Molecular clock analysis estimates separation of the mitochondrial lineages of two known populations of the new species at about 2.2 Ma, which corresponds with recurring shrinkage and expansion of African rainforest caused by climatic fluctuations during the Pleistocene. Adults of all nominal ingroup genera are illustrated along with male and female body parts of the new species. Diagnostic and/or synapomorphic morphological characters of the Philharmostes group of genera are revised. Habitus images and other supplementary information on all sequenced specimens are available online at dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS001 and dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-VGDS004.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

36. First mitogenome for the subfamily Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and its phylogenetic implications

Creator:
Yan, Liping, Zhang, Ming, Gao, Yunyun, Thomas Pape, and Zhang, Dong
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
article, články, journal articles, model:article, and TEXT
Subject:
Zoologie, dvoukřídlí, fylogeneze, Diptera, phylogeny, Calyptratae, Sarcophagidae, Miltogramminae, mitogenome, flesh fly, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The mitochondrial genome of Mesomelena mesomelaena (Loew, 1848) is the first to be sequenced in the flesh fly subfamily Miltogramminae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). The 14,559 bp mitogenome contains 37 typical metazoan mitochondrial genes: 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes, with the same locations as in the insect ground plan. All the protein-coding genes have the start codon ATN, except for cox1 (TCG). Eight protein-coding genes have the stop codon TAA, while the remaining five have the stop codon T (cox1, cox2, nad5, and nad4) or TAG (cytb). Synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (Ks and Ka) for each protein-coding gene indicate that these genes evolved primarily under negative (or purifying) selection (Ka < Ks). Phylogeny of Sarcophagidae is proposed based on all the sarcophagid mitogenomes in GenBank, and the subfamily topology is reconstructed as (Sarcophaginae (Paramacronychiinae, Miltogramminae))., Liping Yan, Ming Zhang, Yunyun Gao, Thomas Pape, Dong Zhang., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

37. First mitogenome for the tribe Saccharosydnini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae) and the phylogeny of three predominant rice planthoppers

Creator:
Huang, Yi-Xin and Qin, Dao-Zheng
Format:
print, počítač, and online zdroj
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
polokřídlí, ostruhovníkovití, fylogeneze, rýže, Hemiptera, Delphacidae, phylogeny, rice, Delphacinae, Saccharosydne procerus, mitochondrial genome, planthopper, 2, and 59
Language:
English
Description:
The mitochondrial genome of Saccharosydne procerus (Matsumura) is the first sequenced in the tribe Saccharosydnini (Hemiptera: Delphacidae: Delphacinae). In addition, the mitogenome sequence of Sogatella vibix (Haupt) (in Delphacini) is also sequenced. The Sa. procerus mitochondrial genome is 16,031 bp (GenBank accession no. MG515237) in length, and So. vibix is 16,554 bp (GenBank accession no. MG515238). The existence of purifying selection was indicated by the rate of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions. Three species of Delphacini, Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén), Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), are important pests of rice. The phylogeny of these three rice planthoppers based on the mitochondrial genome sequence was (L. striatellus + (So. vibix + So. furcifera)) + (N. muiri + N. lugens)., Yi-Xin Huang, Dao-Zheng Qin., and Obsahuje bibliografii
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

38. First report on trichomonads from true bugs

Creator:
Smejkalová, Pavla, Votýpka, Jan, Lukeš, Julius, and Čepička, Ivan
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Parabasalia, intestinal endosymbionts, Simplicimonas, Monocercomonas, phylogeny, SSU rDNA, Heteroptera, Insecta, and host-parasite association
Language:
English
Description:
Although the hindgut of some insects represents a rich source of intestinal trichomonads, their diversity is only poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence and abundance of intestinal trichomonads in true bugs (Heteroptera). We microscopically examined intestinal contents of more than 780 specimens belonging to 28 families of true bugs from localities in China, Ghana and Papua New Guinea for the presence of intestinal endosymbionts. More than 120 samples were examined also by means of PCR using trichomonad-specific primers. We determined sequences of SSU rDNA and ITS region of two isolates of the genus Simplicimonas Cepicka, Hampl et Kulda, 2010 and one isolate of Monocercomonas colubrorum (Hammerschmidt, 1844). Although our results showed that trichomonads are very rare inhabitants of the intestine of true bugs, two of three isolated flagellates belong to species specific for reptiles. The possibility of transmission of trichomonads between reptiles and true bugs is discussed.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

39. Fish-isolated Naegleria strains and their phylogeny inferred from ITS and SSU rDNA sequences

Creator:
Dyková, Iva, Pecková, Hana, Fiala, Ivan, and Dvořáková, Helena
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Naegleria, fish-isolated strains, SSU rDNA, ITS, phylogeny, and taxonomy
Language:
English
Description:
Effort was made to identify Naegleria strains isolated from organs of fish, using phylogenetic analyses of SSU rDNA and ITS sequences. Eighteen fish-isolated strains studied enlarged substantially the so far available set of Naegleria strains characterized by both molecular markers. The phylogenetic analyses of separate and concatenated SSU rDNA and ITS sequences revealed phylogenetic relationships of strains under study; however, they failed to solve classification of fish-isolated strains into species. The sequence similarity of strain-representatives of Naegleria species as well as data obtained on intragenomic variation of ITS sequences discouraged the authors from the definition of new species. The results of the present study provide evidence of a need to re-evaluate the current practice of setting boundaries between species of the genus Naegleria. Sequences obtained in this study have been deposited in GenBank with accession numbers DQ768714-DQ768743.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public

40. Fish-isolated strains of Hartmannella vermiformis Page, 1967: morphology, phylogeny and molecular diagnosis of the species in tissue lesions

Creator:
Dyková, Iva, Pindová, Zuzana, Fiala, Ivan, Dvořáková, Helena, and Macháčková, Blanka
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
amphizoic amoebae, Hartmannella vermiformis, morphology, phylogeny, and in situ hybridisation
Language:
English
Description:
Based on morphological and molecular characterisation, four amoeba strains isolated from organs of freshwater fish were identified as Hartmannella vermiformis Page, 1967. Small subunit rRNA gene sequences of these strains expand the set of corresponding complete and almost complete sequences of this species to twelve. A new species-specific oligonucleotide probe inferred from recently available SSU rRNA gene sequences was designed and successfully tested in tissue lesions produced by one strain of H. vermiformis in experimentally infected fish.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ and policy:public