Data from a questionnaire survey conducted from 2022-08-25 to 2022-11-15 and exploring the use of machine translation by Ukrainian refugees in the Czech Republic. The presented spreadsheet contains minimally processed data exported from the two questionnaires that were created in Google Forms in the Ukrainian and the Russian language. The links to these questionnaires were distributed by three methods: direct email to particular refugees whose contact details the authors obtained while volunteering; through a non-profit organisation helping refugees (Vesna women’s education institution) and on social networks by posting links to the survey in groups associating the Ukrainian community across Czech regions and towns.
Since we asked potential respondents to spread the questionnaire further, we could not prevent it from reaching Ukrainians who had arrived in Czechia previously, or received temporary protection in other countries. Due to this fact, the textual answers to the question 1.5 "Which country are you in right now?" were replaced in the dataset by numbers (1 for Czech Republic, 2 for other countries) in order for us to be able to separate the data of respondents not located in the Czech Republic, which were irrelevant for our survey.
Parmi les matériaux qui ont été recueillis en surface sur le site nouvellement découvert en Moravie figurent des fibules, des parures annulaires et d’autres objets qui caractérisent la phase initiale de cet habitat et appartiennent à l’expression artistique des Celtes de la première moitié du IIIe siècle avant J.-C. connue comme Style plastique. Particulièrement remarquable, le manche d’un coutelas avec deux éléments décorés en relief, fondus à cire perdue sur la soie en fer. Les analogies stylistiques les plus proches proviennent de Bohême et de Moravie, mais également de régions très éloignées (Mezek en Bulgarie, région parisienne), dans le contexte des mouvements celtiques autour de l’expédition balkanique de 280 avant J.-C. Il s’agit probablement d’un produit local, témoin important du rôle de la Moravie dans la formation et la diffusion des nouvelles formes d’expression artistique. Il confirme, avec d’autres objets caractéristiques du Style plastique, le rôle central important joué dès la première moitié du IIIe siècle avant J.-C. par l’agglomération de Němčice. and An extraordinary cutlass handle from Němčice. Materials collected at a new site in Moravia unearthed the oldest La Tène period horizon (B2), and yielded finds of brooches, various rings and other items typical for the beginning of the so-called “plastic” style of the first half of the third century BC. Of these, an ornamental cutlass handle stood out in particular. This category of items is entirely unique with its relief decoration of both parts cast over the iron tang using the lost-wax casting method. The closest analogy in terms of style can be found either at Bohemian-Moravian finds, or further at Mezek, Bulgaria, or art works from the Paris area, which are linked to the movement of Celts at the time of the Balkan campaigns in 280 BC. This is apparently a local product offering significant testimony on the key role of Moravia in the rise and spread of new artistic expression. Together with the other finds of “plastic” style, it points to the first half of the third century BC as the date of the beginning of the Němčice agglomeration.
Research of the physiological traits of a long-distance migratory insect, the common cutworm Spodoptera litura, in relation to flight and reproduction, was focused on triacylglycerol (TG) levels and their fatty acid composition.
Tethered flight experiments demonstrated that three-day old male moths can fly more than 20 h. Among eight identified fatty acids of which the adult TG is composed, the ratios of the following unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid (C 16:1), oleic acid (C 18:1), linoleic acid (C 18:2) and linolenic acid (C 18:3), gradually declined with longer flight duration. On the other hand, the TG levels of non-flown males reared for ten days on only water, were the same as those of three-day old males after 12 hr of flight, but the ratios of these unsaturated fatty acids in TG's remained nearly unchanged. These results suggest that the unsaturated fatty acids in TG are mainly used as a flight energy source.
As ovarian development in females of this species occurs shortly after adult emergence, long-distance migratory capacity has been regarded as highly unlikely. In fact, ovarian development was completed within three days after adult emergence and females laid eggs thereafter. During this three day period TG increased in the ovary, accompanied by increasing ratios of unsaturated fatty acids in the TG's and the ovary eventually occupied most of the abdomen, in spite of a nearly constant level of TG in the abdomen and unchanged ratio of its unsaturated fatty acids. These facts support the transfer of TG from the fat body to the ovary, and further suggest that the mature females utilize the TG deposited in the ovaries as a flight energy source. Then if they migrate a long distance, they use residual TG after flight for egg production.
Factors were examined that could be responsible for the predominance of Coccinella septempunctata (C7) in most habitats of the Palaearctic and for its successful invasion of the Nearctic Region. C7 is euryphagous, but less polyphagous than Harmonia axyridis or Coleomegilla maculata in that it cannot develop or reproduce on non-aphid food. The intraguild status of C7 is intermediate. Although adult size is large, preimaginal stages are palatable to those of H. axyridis and Adalia bipunctata, whereas it is not an intraguild predator of these species. Although these traits appear to be neutral or negative, many aspects of population plasticity are advantageous for C7, often acting in concert with a bet-hedging strategy. Given its high mobility and eurytopy, the inhibition of oviposition in the presence of conspecific larval trails represents an adaptive advantage that favors increased egg dispersal and lowers the risk of offspring mortality due to cannibalism. The ability to temporarily suspend oviposition, combined with heterogenous voltinism and diapause tendencies, enable a portion of C7 populations to feed and reproduce on unpredictably occurring aphid populations. An absence of reproductive diapause in males and pre-hibernation mating are other significant adaptations, along with the tendency to produce offspring in excess of the carrying capacity of local food resources. We suggest that one explanation for the broad geographic success of C7 resides in an ecological plasticity that is based on both genetic and phenotypic polymorphisms.
The percentage of transnational marriages is quite low in Slovakia. This relates to the increasing mobility of domestic inhabitants abroad as well as to the arrival of foreigners in Slovakia during recent decades. The study is to explain the cultural and historical background of mixed marriages between Slovaks and foreigners, their family life and the integration in the Slovak environment, namely in the context of migration experience of the partners in these relationships. In the introduction, we characterize the transnational marriages using available statistical data. We will
investigate the integration processes on selected type of transnational marriages, in which the partner comes from Egypt, Algeria or Tunis. We will focus mainly on their communication strategies and employability in the labour market.