The effects of serosally added 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 100 μM) on the short circuit-current (Isc) across jejunum and ileum taken from fed, starved and undernourished (Gerbillus cheesmani) were investigated. The effects of the neurotoxin, tetrodotoxin (TTX, 10 μM) on the basal Isc as well as on the maximum increase in Isc induced by 5-HT were also studied. There were regional variations in the basal Isc as well as in the way by which the small intestine responds to 5-HT. The basal Isc was greater in jejunum than in ileum and such differences were TTX-sensitive. The maximum increase in Isc, which results from addition of 5-HT, was higher in jejunum than in ileum under all three feeding conditions. TTX reduced the maximum increase in Isc induced by 5-HT across stripped and intact intestine of the two regions in the three nutritional states. The 5-HT-induced Isc in the jejunum of both starved and undernourished gerbils and in the ileum of starved animals was the function of both submucosal and myenteric plexus. In jejunum and ileum taken from starved and undernourished gerbils the 5-HT-induced Isc was both chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent. Thus the results indicated that both starvation and undernourishment increase that response and such increases were TTX-sensitive and both chloride- and bicarbonate-dependent., F. Y. Al-Balool., and Obsahuje bibliografii a bibliografické odkazy
Serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) concentrations are linked to human obesity and other features of metabolic syndrome. Whether FABP associates with metabolic alterations in chronic malnutrition is unknown. In the present study, we measured fasting serum levels of FABP, leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin, resistin, C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides in 19 patients with a restrictive type of anorexia nervosa (AN) and in 16 healthy age-matched control women (C). Body mass index, serum leptin, and CRP concentrations were significantly lower, while serum adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor levels were significantly higher in AN relative to C group. Serum insulin, glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not differ between the groups studied. Serum FABP leve ls were unchanged in patients with AN and were not related to any of parameters studied. We conclude that, in contrast to patients with obesity where FAPB is a prominent marker of metabolic alterations, chronic malnutrition in AN does not significantly affect its serum levels., D. Haluzíková ... [et al.]., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Temporary malnutrition during juvenile development often negatively influences the life-history decisions of adults. Hence, individuals should avoid this effect by compensatory feeding on the limited resource when the food situation improves. In a feeding experiment, bush-crickets (Pholidoptera griseoaptera) responded to nine days depression of animal food supply by increasing their feeding activities on insect carcasses when a full-nutritional diet was available. As a short-term reaction, treated individuals of both sexes took 3.4 times more food from carcasses (0.084 g / 9 h) than control individuals. The increased carcass intake levelled off at 0.025 g / 9 h after an interval of nine hours, indicating that bush-crickets can rapidly compensate for an experimentally increased demand for animal diet. The general daily carcass intake of male and female bush-crickets was 0.07 g fresh weight, corresponding to 16.4% of the bush-cricket's body mass. Carcass intake and body mass development was correlated over the complete period (7 d), but no correlation was found for the time of short-term reaction. We conclude that animal diet is essential for the growth of dark bush-crickets. They were able to compensate for short depressions in animal food supply by increasing feeding frequencies and feeding rates of the limited resource. Hence, bush-crickets can cope with short periods of limited animal food supply, e.g. periods of rainfall, which regularly occur in their natural habitat.