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1. Brněnské berní rejstříky z přelomu 14. a 15. století, edd. Kateřina Urbánková - Veronika Wihodová

Creator:
Michaela Antonín Malaníková
Format:
print
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
14.-15. století, medievalistika, berní knihy, městská správa, medievalistics, tax books, municipal government, Brno (Česko), Brno (Czechia), 8, and 930
Language:
Czech
Description:
[autor recenze] Michaela Malaníková.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

4. Omezování autonomie královských měst od 17. století do poloviny 18. století na příkladu Brna

Creator:
Sulitková, Ludmila
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Brno 17th mid 18th century, city administration, competences, election of councillors, state interventions, bureaucratization, Brno, 17. - polovina 18. století, městská správa, kompetence, volba konšelů, zásahy státu, and byrokratizace
Language:
Czech
Description:
Unlike the pre-White Mountain period, the development of the city administration in the royal city of Brno has not yet been systematically studied for the decades of the early modern period post-1620. The present contribution thus represents a kind of first probe into the mode of operation, structure and competences of the city council in terms of its political-administrative, economic and judicial functions from the post-White Mountain period to the mid-18th century, marked by the first phase of Theresian administrative reforms. The preliminary results presented are for the most part based on research of sources of a normative nature concerning the gradual reduction by the state of the originally autonomous competencies of the city council to the levels of executive power indicated. Although renewals of the council corps took place in Brno in the early decades of the 18th century in what were in principle ‘free’ elections, from 1710 on it was the monarch alone who confirmed the councillors in office. and Etatistic interventions manifested themselves in all these areas, one of the most burdensome being the establishment in 1726 of a special economic directorate, subordinate to the provincial office, to control the financial management of the city. The author deliberately traces the culmination of these restrictive measures by the state only until the middle of the 18th century, when the municipality became a complex structured office. These reforms were only a harbinger of other fundamental changes in the functioning of the city administration in general in the 1780s, when the mayor became a civil servant and his deputies were elected by indirect election. However, the impact of the gradual etatization and bureaucratization of the executive apparatus of the leading royal Moravian city will need to be substantiated in the future by thorough source analyses in order to objectively ascertain the impact of the above-mentioned measures on the entire urban society. The question also remains whether the newly installed representatives of the highest municipal administrations continued to enjoy general respect.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public

5. Z dosavadního výzkumu městských kanceláří v Čechách v době 18. století (zejména na příkladu vybraných východočeských královských věnných měst)

Creator:
Vojtíšková, Jana
Format:
bez média and svazek
Type:
model:article and TEXT
Subject:
Kingdom of Bohemia, 18th century, town office, official documents, reforms, municipal administration, České království, 18. století, městská kancelář, úřední písemnosti, reformy, and městská správa
Language:
Czech
Description:
Using the example of several royal dowry towns, this article examines the transformation in the practices of town offices in 18th century Bohemia – an important milestone in the field of study under consideration. In earlier times, the sophistication of some town offices – the quality and extent of their official agenda; the number and expertise of their staff – was, as a provisional study of the sources indicates, a reflection of the cultural and economic development as well as the population of the city in question. Each town office had its own individual character, the study of which can provide important insights into the history of our towns. Research into town offices is still in its early stages, as numerous case studies must be undertaken before any solid conclusions can be reached. Yet it is already clear that at the beginning of the 18th century town offices, which can be seen as an extension of city administrations, started implementing changes aimed at unification, especially in the areas of official competences and organizational structure., The process reached its peak as part of a wider conception of judicial reform, which in our towns manifested itself in the so-called regulation of municipalities. In the case of Hradec Králové it is clear these changes must have taken place with a certain continuity of personnel, and that this regional centre had difficulty filling some posts. The task remains for researchers of 18th century history to establish whether and to what extent Bohemian towns were able to fulfil the demands of the reform. The limits imposed on the number of county courts in the 1750s and 1760s is itself an indication that a number of towns were unable to meet all the requirements of the new dispensation. The transformation of the town offices certainly did not occur without external intervention. But pre-existing mechanisms were also at play in the process, as even after such interventions the offices’ performance depended on the quality of the individuals who worked there., and They accrued their life and work experience within a particular environment that modified their personalities in multiple ways. We may therefore assume that future research will also discover sympathisers who lent their support to the incoming reforms. Working conditions were another important factor, with officials complaining of overwork in the years following the introduction of the regulation of municipalities. This too might over time have affected the quality of their work. On the other hand it should be said that even before the reforms, towns had in times of need taken on new staff (e.g. temporary teaching assistants in schools), with the main aim of serving the town’s long-term interests. State interventions and ballooning agendas, however, began to upset this (approximate) balance, until a new division of towns was decreed, this time into three categories based on size and wealth. The result was an acrossthe- board unification, especially in the areas of official competences and organizational structure. Here too there is plenty of room for further research to fill out our knowledge of the 18th century town environment.
Rights:
http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/ and policy:public