Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and J(R) the Jacobson radical of R. The Jacobson graph of R, denoted by JR, is defined as the graph with vertex set RJ(R) such that two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if 1 − xy is not a unit of R. The genus of a simple graph G is the smallest nonnegative integer n such that G can be embedded into an orientable surface Sn. In this paper, we investigate the genus number of the compact Riemann surface in which JR can be embedded and explicitly determine all finite commutative rings R (up to isomorphism) such that JR is toroidal., Krishnan Selvakumar, Manoharan Subajini., and Obsahuje seznam literatury
Let $p$, $ q$ and $r$ be fixed non-negative integers. In this note, it is shown that if $R$ is left (right) $s$-unital ring satisfying $[f(x^py^q) - x^ry, x] = 0$ ($[f(x^py^q) - yx^r, x] = 0$, respectively) where $f(\lambda ) \in {\lambda }^2{\mathbb Z}[\lambda ]$, then $R$ is commutative. Moreover, commutativity of $R$ is also obtained under different sets of constraints on integral exponents. Also, we provide some counterexamples which show that the hypotheses are not altogether superfluous. Thus, many well-known commutativity theorems become corollaries of our results.