Ketoconazole has been widely used as an antifungal drug that is formulated as tablets, cream and overthecounter ketoconazole shampoo. The aim of this research was to study and to standardize an ultraviolet spectrophotometric (UVS) method, potentiometric and a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the determination of ketoconazole in commercially available Oromycosal® tablets. These three methods were compared and discussed with respect to their sensitivity, selectivity and readyapplicability in routine analytical work. Absorption spectra and spectrophotometric determinations were carried out on the UVS spectrophotometer. Investigated concentrations were in range from 0.003 to 0.02mg?dm3. The absorbance was measured at 224 nm. In potentiometric titrations glass and saturated (KCl) calomel electrode were used. HPLC analyses of ketoconazole were carried in the presence of econazole as internal standard. It can be concluded that the described methods are simple, fast and reliable for determination of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations. The preparation of the samples is easy, the excipients do not interfere in the methods, so they can be used in routine quality control analysis., Biljana Gjorgjeska, and Literatura
Průlomová bolest (PB) je definována jako přechodné vzplanutí bolesti silné intenzity při dobře kontrolované základní bolesti analgetickou léčbou. Vyskytuje se u bolesti nádorového i nenádorového původu a dotaz na ni by měl být běžnou součástí každého kontaktu s pacientem. Ideálním řešením léčby je užití analgetika s rychlým nástupem účinku, snadno aplikovatelného a současně bezpečného pro pacienta. Článek uvádí přehled dostupných analgetik z každého stupně analgetického žebříčku WHO vhodných k léčbě PB a poukazuje na současné trendy léčby PB transmukózními formami fentanylu u onkologických pacientů., Breakthrough pain (BP) is defined as transitory pain that occurs on a background of relatively well controlled baseline pain. This pain character can join pain of tumour disease origin but not only that one. Question to specify the character of pain should be common in daily contact with a patient. To resolve this problem it seems necessary to provide patients wit rescue mediation with rapid 30 minute onset. The article comes with analgetics review according to WHO classification and suitable for BP and available in the Czech Republic. From the point of fast onset view we are looking for new approaches and application routes practical also for outpatient departments. Intranasal fentanyl offers such option. When pharmacotherapy is not effective any more, mainly in oncology new invasive methods are being explored., Pavlína Nosková, and Literatura